Definitions

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

Species that releases H+ ions in aqueous solutions

Question 2

Activation energy

Answer 2

Minimum energy required to start a reaction by the breaking of bonds

Question 3

Addition polymerisation

Answer 3

Formation of a very long molecular chain (addition polymer) by repeating addition reaction of many unsaturated Alkene molecules

Question 4

Addition reaction

Answer 4

When a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make an Saturated molecule

Question 5

Adsorption

Answer 5

The process that occurred when a gas or liquid is held to the surface of a liquid

Question 6

Alicyclic

Answer 6

Containing carbon atoms joined in a ring

Question 7

Aliphatic

Answer 7

Containing carbon atoms joined together in a unbranched (straight) or branched chains

Question 8

Alkali

Answer 8

A type of base that dissolved in water to release hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 9

Alkyl groups

Answer 9

Side chain formed by removing a hydrogen atom removed from an askance patent chain. Often referred to as ‘R’

Question 10

Alkynes

Answer 10

Hydrocarbon homologous series with one triple c-c bonds and formula CnH2n-2

Question 11

Aromatic

Answer 11

Containing one or more benzene rings

Question 12

Atomic orbital

Answer 12

A region around nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins

Question 13

Average bond enthalpy

Answer 13

Average enthalpy Change that takes place when breaking by homolytic fission one mile of a given type of bond in the molecules

Question 14

Base

Answer 14

Compound that neutralises an acid to form a salt

Question 15

Binary compound

Answer 15

Compound containing two elements only

Question 16

Catalyst

Answer 16

Substance that increases rate of reaction without being used up. Provides alternative route for reaction with lower activation energy

Question 17

Cis-trans isomerism

Answer 17

Cis isomer (Z isomer) has hydrogen atoms on each side 
Trans isomer (E isomer) has hydrogen atoms on each different side

Question 18

Closed system

Answer 18

A system isolated from its surrounding so that no matter is exchanged with its surroundings

Question 19

Coordinate bond (dative bond)

Answer 19

A shared pair of electrons in which the bonded pair has been provided by one of the binding atoms only

Question 20

Dehydration

Answer 20

Elimination reaction in which water is removed from the saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule

Question 21

Dipole

Answer 21

A separation in electrical charge so that on atom of a polar covalent bond has a small + charge and other side small - charge

Question 22

Disproportionation

Answer 22

A redox reaction in which the same element is oxidised and reduced

Question 23

E/Z isomer

Answer 23

Type of stereoisomer where the groups attached to double carbon bond may be arranged differently in space due to restricted rotation of carbon double bond

Question 24

Electronegativity

Answer 24

Measure of the tendency of an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons towards itself

Question 25

Electrophile

Answer 25

An atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an electron rich area

Question 26

Enthalpy

Answer 26

The heat content that is stored in a chemical system