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MiC > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

health

A

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

disease

A

Product of a causative agent (pathogen)

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3
Q

illness

A

Subjective experience

‘Patient’s Perspective’

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4
Q

sickness

A

Social (i.e collective) experience of the absence of health.

changes across time and different cultures

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5
Q

3 definitions of a family

A

People who live together (= household)

A group of people related by blood or marriage

The ‘basic unit of society’

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6
Q

3 types of family

A

The Nuclear Family

The Extended Family

The Post-modern Family

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7
Q

SEADS critical thinking framework

A 
Source
Evidence
Assumptions
Definitions
Slant
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8
Q

3 sectors of health

A

1) Popular = thoroughly integrated into day-to-day life and interaction
2) Folk = may well involve payment, regulation, training etc. overlap with professional
3) Professional = whether or not private or public, free at point of access

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9
Q

4 models of doctor-patient relationship

A

1) Default
2) Paternalistic
3) Consumeristic
4) Mutualistic

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10
Q

Default

A

Dr control = Low

Patient control = Low

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11
Q

Paternalistic

A

Dr control = High

Patient control = Low

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12
Q

Consumeristic

A

Dr control = Low

Patient control = High

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13
Q

Mutualistic

A

Dr control = High

Patient control= High

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14
Q

Biomedical ethics

A

1) Autonomy
2) Non-maleficence
3) Beneficence
4) Justice

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15
Q

Prognosis

A

assessment of the probable future course(s) and outcome(s) for a patient

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16
Q

Observational studies

A

no intervention is made

events in their natural settings

17
Q

Cohort study

A

identification of a group of patients who have the initial characteristic under study

but do not have the outcome of interest

the investigator then measures a variety of variables that might be relevant to the development of the condition.

18
Q

Prognostic studies - Survival time

A

time elapsed without occurrence / recurrence

19
Q

Diagnosis

A

process of identifying the presence of disease

20
Q

Reference standard

A

“gold standard” which is accepted as confirming whether a condition exists or not.

21
Q

Sensitivity

A

The proportion of people with disease who have a positive test

22
Q

Specificity

A

The proportion of people who are free of disease who have a negative test

23
Q

Positive Predictive Value

A

The proportion of people with a positive test who have disease

24
Q

Negative Predictive Value

A

The proportion of people with a negative test who are free of disease

25
Q

Accuracy

A

The proportion of people with correct test result

Prevalence

26
Q

Prevalence

A

The proportion of people who have the disease in the study population

27
Q

A positive likelihood ratio (+LR)

A

a measure of how much more likely it is for a positive test to occur in a person with disease

28
Q

A negative likelihood ratio (-LR)

A

a measure of how much more likely it is for a negative test to occur in a person free from disease

29
Q

Evidence- based practice

A

the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients

30
Q

Relative risk (RR)

A

the risk of the outcome in the treatment group/ risk of the outcome in the control group

31
Q

Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR)

A

risk of the outcome in the control group – risk of the outcome in the treatment group

32
Q

Relative rate reduction (RRR)

A

ARR/ risk of the outcome in the control group

33
Q

Numbers needed to treat (NNT)

A

this represents the number of patient we need to give treatment to in order to prevent 1 bad outcome and it incorporates the duration of the treatment

34
Q

Systematic Review

A

assesses the results of all previous studies on a particular subject to provide a better understanding of their results.

35
Q

A good quality systematic review is:

A

carried out to a defined protocol

has a stated objective

has selection criteria which are transparent

is reproducible

36
Q

Evidence hierarchy - in descending order

A

1) Systematic review/ meta- analysis
2) Randomised control trials
3) Controlled observational studies
4) Uncontrolled observational studies

37
Q

Meta- analysis

A

a statistical synthesis of the numerical results of several trials which all addressed the same question

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