Definitions Flashcards
Promoter
The DNA sequence at which the RNA polymerase (RNAP) binds, often used to include the entire regulatory region around a transcription start site
Transcription factor (TF):
A protein that binds to DNA sequences within or near the promoter. This may enhance or reduce transcription. The bacterial sigma factor or lac repressor can be thought of as a trancription factor
Initiation region (inr)
The region around the Transcription Start Site (TSS): Site of initiation of transcription of an RNA (numbered +1, the position before it is -1)
Transcription factor binding site (TFBS)
The binding site of a TF
Transcription regulation
Regulation of transcription may be positive/induction/upregulation or negative/repression/down-regulation
CRISPR-CAS
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats -CRISPR Associated. A system containing a noncoding CRIPSr RNA that interacts with Cas protein
Regulation of Gene Expression
Regulation of functional gene product (protein or RNA) production at any level
Sigma factor
A subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase holoenzyme, that recognises the promoter, but it is released after initial transcription initiation
Primary transcript
The initial product of transcription, it may then be modified eg; capped. tailed, spliced
Operator
A DNA sequence near the TSS to which a repressor protein binds
Operon
Set of co-transcribed genes under the control of a single regulated promoter
Attenuator
An RNA sequence that regulates expression by terminating transcription
cDNA
Complementary DNA, a DNA copy of RNA, usually mrna
RT-PCR
Reverse Transcription PCR
ORF
Open reading frame. A coding sequence in a fram ending in a stop codon. May or may not have an initiation codon (eg; ATG or GTG)
