definitions Flashcards
ADL
daily self-care activities, used to assess the functional status of an individual, particularly disabled, elderly
birth rate
number of live births per pop per yr
clinical audit
an improvement process of a clinical process
uses systematic review again specific criteria and an implementation of change
clinical effectiveness
degree to which an organisation ensures best practise is being followed
coping
process of managing stress
critical appraisal
carefully + systemically judging research on its trustworthiness, value, relevance
culture
system of shared beliefs, values, ideas that underlie the lives of a group of human beings
death rate
no of death per pop in a specific time, (crude: doesn’t take into account age) age standardised: takes into account age range
disease
physiological, psychological dysfunction, same process in each individual that has it
disease prevention
measures taken to prevent disease rather than treatment or cure symptoms
ethnicity
cultural practices and outlooks that distinguish a particular group of people. may include a common language, beliefs or traditions.
gender
social implications of female or male
hazard
potential to do harm
health promotion
enabling people to improve and control their health
illness
individual’s perception / subjective notion of disease
incidence
number of new cases of a disease in pop over specific time period
infant mortality
death rate (1yr) children <1yo, number of live births as a denominator
often used as estimate of level of health in a community
life expectancy at brith
average number of years a newborn can be expected to live
morbidity rate
number of cases of non fatal diseases in a population in a given time
peri-natal mortality rate
all still births, deaths in first week of life, as a proportion of all birth over specific time period
prevalence
total number of cases of disease per pop at any time
QOL
general well-being of individuals and societies. Refers to physical, mental, social and emotional functioning.
QUALY
measure of disease burden on quality and quantity of life
race
group of people linked by bio or genetic factors
risk
likelihood of harm occurring
self-efficacy
person’s belief in their ability to succeed / manage in particular situation
sex
biological characteristics of men and women
social classes
1: professionals
2: managerial/technical
3: skilled, non manual
4: skilled + manual
5: partly skilled manual
6: unskilled
stress
boys response to demands
sick role
temporary, medically sanctioned social role of being sick (excused from normal responsibilities).
health and normality
Health is a state of complete physical, emotional and psychological well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity.
three aims of epidemiology
- Description
a. amount and distribution of disease in a human population - Explanation
a. Natural history and identity of aetiological factors of disease - Disease Control
a. Provide a basis on which to base preventative measures, public health practices and therapeutic strategies implemented, developed and monitored and evaluated.
