Definitions

Question 1

Angina pectoris

Answer 1

Chest pain usually due to myocardium being deprived of O2

Question 2

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Answer 2

Heart attack - usually due to prolonged angina, the O2 deprived heart cells may die

Question 3

Fibrillation

Answer 3

Tetanus; rapid, uncoordinated shuddering of the heart muscles due to lack of adequate blood supply to the heart muscles
→ defibrillators are used in these cases

Question 4

Tachycardia

Answer 4

Rapid heart rate (>100bpm)

Question 5

Bradycardia

Answer 5

Slow heart rate (<60bpm)

→ lack of potassium can cause the heart to stop beating

Question 6

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Answer 6

Progressive condition that reflects weakening of the heart by coronary atherosclerosis (clogging of coronary vessels with fatty build-up)

Question 7

Cardiac cycle

Answer 7

One complete heart beat

→ systole and diastole = healthy contraction and relaxation

Question 8

Cardiac output

Answer 8

Amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart in 1min

Question 9

Stroke volume

Answer 9

Volume of blood pumped out by the ventricle with each heartbeat

Question 10

Blood pressure

Answer 10

The on and off flow of blood into the arteries as the heart contracts and relaxes, causing blood pressure to rise and fall during each beat
→ reported in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) with the higher systolic pressure written first
→ 120/ 80mmHg is normal BP (systolic over diastolic)

Question 11

Systolic pressure

Answer 11

Pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction
→ always higher than diastolic

Question 12

Diastolic pressure

Answer 12

Pressure when the ventricles are relaxing

Question 13

Hypertension

Answer 13

High blood pressure

Question 14

Hypotension

Answer 14

Low blood pressure

Question 15

Arteries

Answer 15

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and to all areas of the body

Question 16

Arterioles

Answer 16

Smaller, thinner branches of arteries that carry blood to the capillaries

Question 17

Capillaries

Answer 17

Smallest blood vessel in the body → 1 epithelial cell in thickness

Question 18

Veins

Answer 18

Low pressure collecting system to return deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 19

Venules

Answer 19

Smallest veins that join to form a larger vein

Question 20

Epicardium

Answer 20

External layer of the heart and inner layer of the pericardium

Question 21

Myocardium

Answer 21

Middle and thickest layer that consists of specialized muscle tissue

Question 22

Endocardium

Answer 22

Thin, glistening sheet of endothelium that lies in the heart chambers consisting of epithelial tissues

Question 23

Parietal pericardium

Answer 23

Tough outer layer that forms the fibrous sac which surrounds and protects the heart

Question 24

Visceral pericardium

Answer 24

Inner layer of the pericardium which forms the outer layer of the heart = epicardium

Question 25

Pericardial fluid

Answer 25

Serous fluid; found between the 2 layers where it acts as a lubricant to prevent friction when the heart beats

Question 26

Pericarditis

Answer 26

Inflammation of the pericardium

Question 27

Atria

Answer 27

Receiving chambers

Question 28

Ventricles

Answer 28

Pumping chambers

Question 29

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 29

Circulation from the right side of the heart and lungs and back to the left

Question 30

Systemic circulation

Answer 30

Circulation from the left side of the heart through body tissues and back to the right side of the heart

Question 31

Sinoatrial node

Answer 31

Pacemaker of the heart

Question 32

Purkinje fibers

Answer 32

Fibers that aid in contraction of the ventricles