Definitions Flashcards
Atrophy
Reversible: Decrease in size of the cells.
- Disuse
- Denervation
- Lack of Endocrine Stimulation
- Ischemia
- Malnutrition
Hypertrophy
Reversible: Increase in size of the cells.
-Cardiac & Skeletal Muscle
Ex: High BP (heart cells increase in size)
Muscle mass increase
Hyperplasia
Reversible: Increase in the number of cells
- Hormonal: breast enlargement (pregnancy)
- Compensatory: regeneration of liver after partial removal
Metaplasia
Reversible: Replacement of adult cells
-Reprogramming stem cells
-Chronic inflammation or irritation
Ex: Smokers; GERD
Pathologic Calcifications
Abnormal tissue deposition of calcium salts.
Dystrophic Calcification
Abnormal tissue deposition of calcium salts. Occurs in dead or dying tissue
Ex: Artheroschlerosis (damage of heart valves); ischemia
Metastatic Calcification
Abnormal tissue deposition of calcium salts. Occurs in normal tissue
Ex: Hyperparathyroidism, Paget’s disease, hypercalcemia
Cellular Swelling
Reversible cell injury
Impairment of the energy-dependent Na+/K+ ATPase membrane pump, usually as the result of hypoxic cell injury.
Dysplasia
Reversible: Deranged cell growth of a specific tissue
- Cells vary in size, shape, and organization
- Strong indicator of cancer
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
Gangrene
Considerable mass of tissue undergoes necrosis
Dry Gangrene
Skin
- Drys and shrinks
- Wrinkles
- Color Change (black)
- Spread is slow
- Interference of arterial blood, without interference with venous return
Wet Gangrene
Skin
- Cold, Swollen, Pulseless
- Moist (Black)
- Foul odor (bacterial action)
- Rapid spread
- Interference with venous return
Necrosis
Cell death in an organ or tissue that is still part of a living person.
Infarction
Artery supplying an organ or part of the body becomes occluded and not other source of blood supply exists
