Definitions

Question 1

How do you differentiate spasticity from contracture?

Answer 1

Check deep tendon reflexes. Also, spasticity disappears when under anesthesia

Question 2

resistance of muscle to stretch

Answer 2

muscle tone

Question 3

How do GABAb receptors work?

Answer 3

inhibitory via decreasing calcium influx presynaptically and increasing potassium influx postsynaptically

Question 4

definition of spasticity

Answer 4

velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflex with exaggerated phasic stretch reflex resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex

Question 5

alternating muscle contraction and relaxation of agonist and antagonist muscles

Answer 5

clonus

Question 6

sudden jerky motions that may be singular or repeated that is less rhythmic than tremor

Answer 6

myoclonus

Question 7

abnormal contractions distant from the muscles involved in voluntary effort

Answer 7

associated reactions

Question 8

rhythmic unintended movement of body part

Answer 8

tremor

Question 9

movement disorder characterized by muscle contraction resulting in twisting, turning and posturing

Answer 9

dystonia

Question 10

resistance to stretch that is not velocity dependent

Answer 10

rigidity

Question 11

abnormal antagonist contraction during voluntary agonist effort

Answer 11

co-contraction

Question 12

Modified Ashworth scale

Answer 12

0 = no increase in tone.
1 = catch at end range of motion.
1+ = catch with resistance of < half of range of motion
2 = resistance through > half of range of motion
3 = passive movement is difficult
4 = rigid in flexion or extension

Question 13

Tone greater than normal

Answer 13

hypertonia

Question 14

muscle contraction at rest leading to clinical posture sensitive to stretch

Answer 14

spastic dystonia

Question 15

How do GABAa receptors work?

Answer 15

inhibitory via increasing chloride conductance

Question 16

Difference between modified ashworth scale and tardieu scale

Answer 16

Modified Ashworth scale measures tone while the tardieu scale measures spasticity