Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exercise Science > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical pathways and reactions that result in the breakdown of molecules (catabolism, or catabolic pathways) or synthesis of molecules (anabolism, or anabolic pathways)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Respiration

A

Set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Catabolic Reactions

A

Reactions that PRODUCE ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anabolic Reactions

A

Reactions that USE ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Oxidation

A

Electron is removed from an atom or molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reduction

A

Addition of electron from an atom or molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glycolysis

A

Oxidation of glucose to produce pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Breakdown of glycogen to yield glucose, which is oxidized to pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glycogenesis

A

Synthesis of glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contractile proteins

A

Actin and Myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Structural Proteins

A

Titin, Destine, Dystrophin and Integrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Titin

A

attaches end of filaments too Z line (it is elastic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Desmin

A

Joins Z lines between adjacent myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dystrophin and integrin

A

membrane stabilizing proteins (connect to sarcolema)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Process of muscle contraction (excitation contraction coupling)

A

Nerve stimulates muscle to generate an action potential

Action potential in muscle stimulates release of calcium from SR

Calcium binds with troponin, causing change in the conformation (shape) of actin

Change in shape exposes the myosin binding sites on actin; myosin interacts with actin and begins cross bridge cycling

Contraction terminates when AP stops, and Calcium is taken back up into the SR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Role of ATP in cross bridge cycling

A

Hydrolysis of ATP provides energy to move myosin head into high energy configuration

Re-synthesis of ATP causes cross bridge to detach

17
Q

Cardiac Cells

A

Are connected at intercalated discs; when one cardiac myocyte is stimulated to contract, signal travels to all interconnected cardiac myocytes causing them all to contract at the same time (syncytium)

18
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Smooth muscle twitch is much slower than skeletal or cardiac muscle twitch (calcium pumping by SR is slower, phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation steps are slower, and requires more ATP to move myosin head)

Smooth muscles can remain contracted even without ATP re-synthesis (or with very slow rate of ATP turnover)

19
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Sense movement within joints; accelerates HR to meet demands of exercise

20
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Sense changes in chemical state within muscle; accelerates HR to meet demands of exercise

21
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Sense changes in blood pressure in carotid artery and aortic arch; negative FB system that buffers beat-to-beat fluctuations in arterial pressure from and internal set point or baseline value

22
Q

Rate Pressure Product (Double Product)

A

an index of myocardial oxygen consumption
RPP=HRxSBP
Used to prescribe safe exercise zones in individuals with hypertension

23
Q

Pre-load

End Diastolic Volume

A

Volume in LV at end of diastolic filling phase, prior to systole (contraction)

24
Q

After-load

A

Volume in LV at end of systole (not all blood will be ejected)

25
Q

Stroke Volume

A

Preload- Afterload

Amount of blood ejected each beat

26
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

% of preload that is ejected during systole

27
Q

Diastolic Dysfunction

A 
Reduced compliance of the ventricles during diastolic phase (reduced relaxation capacity, reduced compliance of myocardial tissue, pericardial restriction) 
Can be caused by:
age
HTN
Diabetes
Ischemia
HD
28
Q

Cardiac output

A

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle into circulation in L/min
CO (Q)=HRxSV
At rest Q is about 5 L/min
Maximal CO during exercise is ~35-40 L/min

29
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure

A

Average perfusion pressure delivered to organs
Normal is 70-110 mmHg
DBP+.33*PP

Exercise Science (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions