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ANAT 3010 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Region

A

head, neck, trunk

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2
Q

Appendicular region

A

appendages - upper and lower limbs

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3
Q

superior/inferior

A

above/below

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4
Q

anterior/posterior

A

front/back

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5
Q

ventral/dorsal

A

front/back

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6
Q

medial/lateral

A

close to/far from

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7
Q

superficial/deep

A

near the surface/far from the surface

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8
Q

proximal/distal

A

close to/far from the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

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9
Q

ipsilateral/contralateral

A

same side/opposite side

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10
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

vertical

divides anterior from posterior

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11
Q

Transverse plane

A

horizontal

divides superior from inferior

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12
Q

Sagittal planes

A

vertical
divides right from left
- median plane
- parasagittal planes

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13
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

cranial cavity + vertebral cavity.

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14
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

Thoracic cavity + Abdominopelvic cavity

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15
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

left pleural
right pleural
mediastinum

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16
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Abdominal - liver, stomach, kidneys

Pelvic - bladder, rectum, reproductive

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17
Q

X-rays

A

best for bones and abnormal dense structures

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18
Q

Contrast X-ray

A

Best for digestive system problems.

  • trachea
  • stomach
  • Intestines
  • rectum
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19
Q

CAT scan

A

Good for visualize or finding something that we don’t know of yet. Best for initially finding a tumor or something like that.

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20
Q

DSA/Angiogram

A

Best for finding block blood vessels

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21
Q

PET scan

A

best for located and monitoring growth of specific abnormal structures.

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22
Q

Sonogram

A

Don’t know what this is best for diagnosing…

Ultrasounds

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23
Q

MRI

A

Best for locating soft tissue damage.

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24
Q

4 types of Tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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25
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A
  • diffusion and filtration
  • avascular & innervated
  • cells are quickly lost but quickly regenerated.
26
Q

Specialized contacts between epithelial cells

A

tight junctions
desmosomes
gap junctions - allow sharing of intracellular material.

27
Q

Classifications of epithelial cells

A

simple
stratified

squamous
cuboidal
columnar

28
Q

Simple squamous

A

diffusion and filtration
renal corpuscles
alveoli of lungs
lining of blood vessels and organs like the stomach, lungs, heart, etc.

29
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

Secretion and Absorption
kidney tubules
ovary surface
secretory part of glands

30
Q

Simple Columnar

A

Secretion and Absorption
Nonciliated - digestive tract
Ciliated - Bronchi, uterine tubes & uterus.

31
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar

A

Nonciliated - ducts of male reprodutcive tubes

Ciliated - trachea and upper respiratory.

32
Q

Stratified

A

named based on structure of the most apical layer of tissue

33
Q

Stratified Squamous

A

keratinized - epidermis

Nonkeratinized - moist linings of body openings.

34
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

protective

mammary, salivary, and some sweat glands

35
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

protection and secretion
not common
male urethra

36
Q

Connective Tissue types

A

Connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone tissue
blood

37
Q

Structural Elements of Connective Tissue? & Made by what cells?

A 
Fibres 
- collagen
- reticular fibers
- elastin 
Ground Substance 
Made by fibroblasts
38
Q

Loose Connective Tissue

A

areolar - in mucous membranes
adipose
reticular

Supported by all 3 fibers

39
Q

Dense Connective Tissue

A

Regular - collagen - in ligaments and tendons

Elastic - elastin - in arteries and bronchi.

40
Q

3 Types of Membranes

A
  • cutaneous
  • mucous - line body cavities exposed to the exterior
  • serous - line body cavities exposed to the interior
41
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

42
Q

skeletal muscle

A

multinucleated
looks striped/striated
weakly regenerative

43
Q

cardiac muscle

A 
contracts voluntarily 
doesn't fatigue
cells split and join others
intercalating discs
no regeneration
44
Q

smooth muscle

A

no striation

involuntary control

45
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

no regeneration

46
Q

chondrocytes

A

cartilage cells located in lacunae

47
Q

lacunae

A

cavity in compact bones for chondorcytes

48
Q

perichondrium

A

surrounds cartilage

allowing for growth and repair

49
Q

Types of cartilage

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

50
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

translucent
fiber = collagen
on the top and bottom of bones.
Allows for bone growth

51
Q

elastic cartilage

A

fiber = elastin
bendy
found in the external ear

52
Q

fibrocartilage

A

resists compression and tension
found in the pubic symphysis
allows for slight movement
intermediate between hyaline and elastic cartilage

53
Q

Apposition Growth

A

growth from inside

chondroblasts in the perichondrium produce new cartilage

54
Q

Interstitial growth

A

growth from outside

chondrocytes within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix

55
Q

Bone composition

A

35% organic - collagen

65% inorganic - mineral salts

56
Q

osteogenic cells

A

stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

57
Q

osteoblasts

A

produce bone matrix

58
Q

osteoid

A

bone matrix

59
Q

osteocytes

A

bone cells

60
Q

osteoclasts

A

derived from white blood cells
multinucleated
destroy and resorb bone cells.
secrete HCl and lysosomal enzymes

61
Q

Bone Types

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

62
Q

Characteristics of Long Bones

A

well vascularized
compact bone and spongy bone
yellow and red marrow - marrow holds stem cells.

ANAT 3010 (1 decks)

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