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ANAT 3010 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Region

A

head, neck, trunk

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2
Q

Appendicular region

A

appendages - upper and lower limbs

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3
Q

superior/inferior

A

above/below

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4
Q

anterior/posterior

A

front/back

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5
Q

ventral/dorsal

A

front/back

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6
Q

medial/lateral

A

close to/far from

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7
Q

superficial/deep

A

near the surface/far from the surface

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8
Q

proximal/distal

A

close to/far from the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

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9
Q

ipsilateral/contralateral

A

same side/opposite side

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10
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

vertical

divides anterior from posterior

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11
Q

Transverse plane

A

horizontal

divides superior from inferior

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12
Q

Sagittal planes

A

vertical
divides right from left
- median plane
- parasagittal planes

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13
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

cranial cavity + vertebral cavity.

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14
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

Thoracic cavity + Abdominopelvic cavity

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15
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

left pleural
right pleural
mediastinum

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16
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Abdominal - liver, stomach, kidneys

Pelvic - bladder, rectum, reproductive

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17
Q

X-rays

A

best for bones and abnormal dense structures

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18
Q

Contrast X-ray

A

Best for digestive system problems.

  • trachea
  • stomach
  • Intestines
  • rectum
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19
Q

CAT scan

A

Good for visualize or finding something that we don’t know of yet. Best for initially finding a tumor or something like that.

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20
Q

DSA/Angiogram

A

Best for finding block blood vessels

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21
Q

PET scan

A

best for located and monitoring growth of specific abnormal structures.

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22
Q

Sonogram

A

Don’t know what this is best for diagnosing…

Ultrasounds

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23
Q

MRI

A

Best for locating soft tissue damage.

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24
Q

4 types of Tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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25
Epithelial Tissue
- diffusion and filtration - avascular & innervated - cells are quickly lost but quickly regenerated.
26
Specialized contacts between epithelial cells
tight junctions desmosomes gap junctions - allow sharing of intracellular material.
27
Classifications of epithelial cells
simple stratified squamous cuboidal columnar
28
Simple squamous
diffusion and filtration renal corpuscles alveoli of lungs lining of blood vessels and organs like the stomach, lungs, heart, etc.
29
Simple Cuboidal
Secretion and Absorption kidney tubules ovary surface secretory part of glands
30
Simple Columnar
Secretion and Absorption Nonciliated - digestive tract Ciliated - Bronchi, uterine tubes & uterus.
31
Pseudostratified Columnar
Nonciliated - ducts of male reprodutcive tubes | Ciliated - trachea and upper respiratory.
32
Stratified
named based on structure of the most apical layer of tissue
33
Stratified Squamous
keratinized - epidermis | Nonkeratinized - moist linings of body openings.
34
Stratified Cuboidal
protective | mammary, salivary, and some sweat glands
35
Stratified Columnar
protection and secretion not common male urethra
36
Connective Tissue types
Connective tissue proper cartilage bone tissue blood
37
Structural Elements of Connective Tissue? & Made by what cells?
``` Fibres - collagen - reticular fibers - elastin Ground Substance Made by fibroblasts ```
38
Loose Connective Tissue
areolar - in mucous membranes adipose reticular Supported by all 3 fibers
39
Dense Connective Tissue
Regular - collagen - in ligaments and tendons | Elastic - elastin - in arteries and bronchi.
40
3 Types of Membranes
- cutaneous - mucous - line body cavities exposed to the exterior - serous - line body cavities exposed to the interior
41
3 types of muscle tissue
skeletal cardiac smooth
42
skeletal muscle
multinucleated looks striped/striated weakly regenerative
43
cardiac muscle
``` contracts voluntarily doesn't fatigue cells split and join others intercalating discs no regeneration ```
44
smooth muscle
no striation | involuntary control
45
Nervous Tissue
no regeneration
46
chondrocytes
cartilage cells located in lacunae
47
lacunae
cavity in compact bones for chondorcytes
48
perichondrium
surrounds cartilage | allowing for growth and repair
49
Types of cartilage
hyaline elastic fibrocartilage
50
hyaline cartilage
translucent fiber = collagen on the top and bottom of bones. Allows for bone growth
51
elastic cartilage
fiber = elastin bendy found in the external ear
52
fibrocartilage
resists compression and tension found in the pubic symphysis allows for slight movement intermediate between hyaline and elastic cartilage
53
Apposition Growth
growth from inside | chondroblasts in the perichondrium produce new cartilage
54
Interstitial growth
growth from outside | chondrocytes within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix
55
Bone composition
35% organic - collagen | 65% inorganic - mineral salts
56
osteogenic cells
stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
57
osteoblasts
produce bone matrix
58
osteoid
bone matrix
59
osteocytes
bone cells
60
osteoclasts
derived from white blood cells multinucleated destroy and resorb bone cells. secrete HCl and lysosomal enzymes
61
Bone Types
Long Short Flat Irregular
62
Characteristics of Long Bones
well vascularized compact bone and spongy bone yellow and red marrow - marrow holds stem cells.

ANAT 3010 (1 decks)

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