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Bio 1020 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Abiotic

A

non-living things (light, oxygen)

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2
Q

Biotic

A

all living things (animals)

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3
Q

Quantitative

A

numerical recording

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4
Q

Qualitative

A

recording of what we can physically see

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5
Q

Observation

A
  • derive generalizations, often about patterns

- can be quantitative or qualitative

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6
Q

Hypothesis

A

proposed explanation of a phenomenon

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7
Q

Theory

A

broad scope, supported by a large body of evidence that generates testable hypotheses

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8
Q

Hydrophilic

A

has an affinity for water

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9
Q

Hydrophobic

A

does not have an affinity for water

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10
Q

Solution

A

liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of substances

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11
Q

Aqueous solution

A

solutes dissolved in the solvent water

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12
Q

Acid

A

donates a proton to a solution, increasing H+ concentrations of a solution

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13
Q

Base

A

accepts a proton from the solution, decreasing H+ concentrations of a solution

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14
Q

Buffers

A

minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution

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15
Q

Organic

A

carbon containing compounds

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16
Q

Isomers

A

same # of atoms of each type but different arrangements of atoms

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17
Q

Polymers

A

made of small repeating subunits called monomers

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18
Q

Denaturation

A

loss of 3D structure and loss of proper function

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19
Q

Chaperonins

A

assist proper folding/refolding of other proteins

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20
Q

Nucleotides

A

nucleic acid monomer

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21
Q

Amphipathic

A

describes a molecule with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

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22
Q

Cytosol

A

gel like aqueous medium inside cells

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23
Q

Selective barrier

A

allows passage of some materials (oxygen, nutrients and waste) and block others

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24
Q

Prokaryote

A

single celled/ unicellular

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25
Q

Eukaryote

A

single and multicellular forms

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26
Q

Stromatolites

A

layered rock containing fossilized prokaryotes

27
Q

Plasmids

A

small circular chromosomes of DNA concentrated in a nucleoid of a prokaryote

28
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

double membrane that encloses the nucleus of eukaryotes

29
Q

Nuclear lamina

A

network of proteins on the inside face of the nucleus of eukaryotes that maintains shape

30
Q

Nuclear pores

A

openings in the membrane of the nucleus of eukaryotes that allows material to enter and leave

31
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA is bundled with proteins in this compact form

32
Q

Nucleolus/nucleoli

A

dense granules of ribosomal RNA and proteins during interphase

33
Q

Lumen

A

space inside the endoplasmic reticulum

34
Q

Cisternae

A

flattened membranous sacs of the golgi apparatus

35
Q

Vacuoles

A

vesicles from the plasma membrane, ER or Golgi

36
Q

Lysosomes

A

membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes

37
Q

Chloroplasts

A

sites of photosynthesis in plants and algae

38
Q

Thylakoids:

A

flattened and connected sacs that are stacked into grana

39
Q

Stroma:

A

fluid outside the thylakoids that contain DNA and ribosomes

40
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

relationship between two organisms where one lives inside another

41
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

network of fibers extending throughout the cytosol

42
Q

Collagens

A

major protein embedded in proteoglycans

43
Q

Proteoglycans

A

consists of proteins and carbohydrates

44
Q

Diffusion

A

spontaneous movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations without energy (ATP) input

45
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water

46
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

as many molecules cross in one direction as cross in the other direction no net difference

47
Q

Aquaporins

A

channel proteins for facilitated diffusion of water across fatty acid tails

48
Q

Tonicity

A

relative total solute concentration difference that can lead to osmosis

49
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

external pressure that would have to be applied to push the water on the higher side down to equalize height

50
Q

Passive transport

A

with the concentration gradient, does not require ATP, releases energy

51
Q

Active transport

A

against the concentration gradient, requires ATP

52
Q

Membrane potential

A

difference in positive and negative ions across the membrane (often more negative inside the cell)

53
Q

Metabolism

A

sum of chemical reactions in cells where energy is converted from one form to another

54
Q

Catabolism

A
  • large molecules are broken into smaller ones, releasing energy that will be used to generate ATP for anabolic reactions
  • exergonic reactions
55
Q

Anabolism

A

building large molecules from small ones, which requires energy from catabolic reactions
-endergonic reactions

56
Q

Cofactors

A

nonprotein enzyme helper (coenzyme)

57
Q

Free energy (G)

A

energy in a system that can be used to do work

58
Q

Energy of activation

A

energy that must be absorbed for the reaction to reach the transition state

59
Q

Reduction

A

gains an electron (becomes more negative)

60
Q

Oxidation

A

loses an electron (becomes more positive)

61
Q

Phosphorylation

A

-transfer of phosphate from one molecule to another (substrate level phosphorylation)
ADP+Pi+energy = ATP

62
Q

Dephosphorylation

A

-transfer of phosphate from one molecule to another (substrate level phosphorylation)
ATP = ADP+Pi+energy

63
Q

Hydrolysis

A

water added to the reaction

64
Q

Dehydration

A

water released from the reaction

Bio 1020 (7 decks)

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