definitions Flashcards
codified
codified- arranged and recorded systematically
rule of law
rule of law - a principle of justice stating that the law is nessacary to regulate society , that laws apply to everyone and that people are governed by arbitrary power.
retribution
retribution- justice based on vengeance and punishment , ensuring offenders suffer the consequences
restitution
restitution- punishment that requires the offender to pay the victim back for harm suffered
trial by ordeal
trial by ordeal- require a person to undergo torture to determine guilt/innocence
trial by combat
trial by combat- determine guilt / innocence by parties fight
assizes
assizes- travelling courts
circuit judges
circuit judges- judges of travelling courts
case law
case law- a method of deciding cases based on recording decisions of similar cases
common law
common law- law that developed in english courts : relies on case law and is common to all people
star desicis
stare decisis- latin phrase “ to stand by the decision”
precedent
precedent- an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances.
magna carta
magna carta - a charter charter of political and social rights signed in 1215 Runnymede in England
habeus corpus
habeus corpus- A court order designed to prevent unlawful arrest by ensuring anyone detained is charged before a court within a reasonable amount of time
statute law
statute law- law or act passed by the government
jurisdiction
jurisdiction-the political or legal authority to pass and enforce laws or the judicial authority to pass a case
international law
international law- laws that govern the relations between independent nations
bylaw
bylaws- law that deals with local issues and are passed by municipal governments
public law
public law- law relating go the relationships between individuals and the state
private law
private law- law governing the relationships between private individuals , between individuals and organizations : aka civil law
procedural law
procedural law- law that prescribes the methods of enforcing the rights and obligations of substantive law
tort law
tort law- the branch of civil law that holds persons or private organizations responsible for damage they cause another person as a result of accidental or deliberate action
substantive law
substantive law- law that defines the rights duties and obligations of citizens and government
estate law
the branch of civil law concerned with the division and distribution of property after death
