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Optical Media > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Opaque media

A

Substance that only absorbs or reflects light (Ex: wall)

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2
Q

Transparent Media

A

Transmits all wavelengths but with light scattering. The earth’s atmosphere scatters blue light (blue sky)

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3
Q

Isotropic Media

A

Medium which has the same optical properties (density) (uniformity) in all directions

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4
Q

Homogeneous Medium

A

Same optical properties throughout their volume.

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5
Q

Heterogeneous Medium

A

Different optical properties throughout their volume

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6
Q

Anistropic

A

Different optical properties in different directions. (Ex: calcite)

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7
Q

Point Source

A

Source of light with small angles. Emits divergent light in all directions.

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8
Q

Extended Source of light

A

With infinite angles, produces overlapping rays called beams (ex: most objects that we see)

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9
Q

Beams

A

Overlapping group of rays

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10
Q

Photon

A

One packet of light energy. A quantum of light.

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11
Q

How is radiation emitted or absorbed?

A

Its emitted or absorbed in packets or quanta

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12
Q

Ray of light

A

Path taken by a photon of light

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13
Q

Categories of Theoretical optics

A

Physical optics

Geometrical optics

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14
Q

Visible spectrum the human eye is sensitive to

A

400nm to 700nm

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15
Q

Rays are imaginary lines drawn —- to the wavefronts that start at the source.

A

Perpendicular

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16
Q

A Photon

A

Quantum of light
Particle of light
Smallest amount of light possible
A single packet of radiant energy

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17
Q

Rectilinear propagation

A

The fundamental postulate of Geometrical optics

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18
Q

Pencil

A

A section through a bundle of rays that contain the chief ray

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19
Q

Chief ray

A

Central ray. Ray that goes through the center of the limiting aperture of the system.

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20
Q

Frequency

A

Number of vibrations of a given wavelength in 1 second

IN VACUUM (empty space) ALL EM WAVES TRAVEL AT THE SAME SPEED.

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21
Q

Speed of Light

A

3 X 10 to the 8th

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22
Q

Index of refraction equation

A

n=speed of light in a vacuum/speed of light in the material

n=3 x 10 to the 8th/speed of light in material

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23
Q

Wave Formula

A

Velocity=wavelength x frequency

24
Q

Geometrical optics

A

How light changes as it travels

25
Q

Point source

A

Smallest object that reflects light (Ex: distant stars)

26
Q

Extended Source

A

Two or more point sources

27
Q

Optical Media

A

Light traveling through different path like air or water

28
Q

Opaque surface

A

Only reflects or absorbs light. No light travels through it (ex: wall)

29
Q

Translucent surface

A

Light travels through but spreads so you cant see the other side

30
Q

Rays

A

Perpendicular to the wavefronts

31
Q

Light travels in —- lines

A

Straight lines

32
Q

Beam of light

A

An extended source(two or more point source) that emits light with overlapping rays

33
Q

Divergent rays

A

Lines that spread apart as if originating from a point. They are said to have NEGATIVE VERGENCE

34
Q

Parallel light

A 
Zero Vergent (never meet)
Rays Move alongside each other
35
Q

Convergent rays

A

Lines that come together to meet at F’, then diverge again as they continue their path. They are said to have POSITIVE VERGENCE.

36
Q

Speed of light in different mediums

A

Vacuum (fastest)
Air (second fastest)
Water (slowest of the 3)

37
Q

Optical Density

A

The ability of material in the medium to slow down the speed of light

38
Q

All lights (blue, green) move with the —- speed in vacuum

A

All lights whether green, blue move with the same speed in vacuum

39
Q

Index of refraction in air

A

n air= 1

40
Q

Index of refraction in water

A

n water= 1.33

41
Q

Index of refraction of polycarbonate

A

n polycarbonate= 1.586

42
Q

Higher the index of refraction

A

The more its ability to slow down light

43
Q

What happens to a wavefront as it gets farther from it’s source?

A

As the wavefront gets farther from it’s source, its radius increases.

AT A LARGE ENOUGH DISTANCE; THE WAVEFRONTS BECOME PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER (collimated)

44
Q

Law of rectilinear propagation of light (spreading light which always travel in straight lines)

A

This law proves that light travels in straight lines.

Extended hole
‘Pin’ hole

45
Q

Extended hole

A

Bigger hole for light to pass through but image is blurry on the other side

46
Q

‘Pin’ hole

A

Smaller hole for light to pass through and image is flipped and clear on the other side

47
Q

Absorption of photons in the EMS may result in

A

Thermal, electrical or chemical changes

48
Q

Energy cannot be either created or destroyed it only—

A

Changes in form

49
Q

Reflection

A

Light ray (photon) is turned back to the incident material.

50
Q

Refraction

A

The “bending” or change in direction of light when it goes from one transparent material of a different optical density.

51
Q

Law of Reflection

A

When a ray of light is reflected from a surface whether smooth or rough,
angle of incidence = angle of reflection

52
Q

Angle of Incidence

A

The angle of the light ray when it hits the surface

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53
Q

Angle of Refraction

A

The angle of ray after it bends in the second material

54
Q

Angle of deviation

A

The angle between the bent light and the angle of light if it were not to bent.

55
Q

Snell’s law

A

Direction of the ray after it has traveled from incident material to refractive material.

56
Q

Critical angle

A

When light travels from a more dense material(higher index of refraction) to a less dense material at just the right angle (anything but 90 degrees), it’s possible for the ray to emerge parallel to the surface of the refractive material. Then the resulting angle is 90 degrees

Optical Media (1 decks)

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