Definitions

Question 1

Opaque media

Answer 1

Substance that only absorbs or reflects light (Ex: wall)

Question 2

Transparent Media

Answer 2

Transmits all wavelengths but with light scattering. The earth’s atmosphere scatters blue light (blue sky)

Question 3

Isotropic Media

Answer 3

Medium which has the same optical properties (density) (uniformity) in all directions

Question 4

Homogeneous Medium

Answer 4

Same optical properties throughout their volume.

Question 5

Heterogeneous Medium

Answer 5

Different optical properties throughout their volume

Question 6

Anistropic

Answer 6

Different optical properties in different directions. (Ex: calcite)

Question 7

Point Source

Answer 7

Source of light with small angles. Emits divergent light in all directions.

Question 8

Extended Source of light

Answer 8

With infinite angles, produces overlapping rays called beams (ex: most objects that we see)

Question 9

Beams

Answer 9

Overlapping group of rays

Question 10

Photon

Answer 10

One packet of light energy. A quantum of light.

Question 11

How is radiation emitted or absorbed?

Answer 11

Its emitted or absorbed in packets or quanta

Question 12

Ray of light

Answer 12

Path taken by a photon of light

Question 13

Categories of Theoretical optics

Answer 13

Physical optics

Geometrical optics

Question 14

Visible spectrum the human eye is sensitive to

Answer 14

400nm to 700nm

Question 15

Rays are imaginary lines drawn —- to the wavefronts that start at the source.

Answer 15

Perpendicular

Question 16

A Photon

Answer 16

Quantum of light
Particle of light
Smallest amount of light possible
A single packet of radiant energy

Question 17

Rectilinear propagation

Answer 17

The fundamental postulate of Geometrical optics

Question 18

Pencil

Answer 18

A section through a bundle of rays that contain the chief ray

Question 19

Chief ray

Answer 19

Central ray. Ray that goes through the center of the limiting aperture of the system.

Question 20

Frequency

Answer 20

Number of vibrations of a given wavelength in 1 second

IN VACUUM (empty space) ALL EM WAVES TRAVEL AT THE SAME SPEED.

Question 21

Speed of Light

Answer 21

3 X 10 to the 8th

Question 22

Index of refraction equation

Answer 22

n=speed of light in a vacuum/speed of light in the material

n=3 x 10 to the 8th/speed of light in material

Question 23

Wave Formula

Answer 23

Velocity=wavelength x frequency

Question 24

Geometrical optics

Answer 24

How light changes as it travels

Question 25

Point source

Answer 25

Smallest object that reflects light (Ex: distant stars)

Question 26

Extended Source

Answer 26

Two or more point sources

Question 27

Optical Media

Answer 27

Light traveling through different path like air or water

Question 28

Opaque surface

Answer 28

Only reflects or absorbs light. No light travels through it (ex: wall)

Question 29

Translucent surface

Answer 29

Light travels through but spreads so you cant see the other side

Question 30

Rays

Answer 30

Perpendicular to the wavefronts

Question 31

Light travels in ---- lines

Answer 31

Straight lines

Question 32

Beam of light

Answer 32

An extended source(two or more point source) that emits light with overlapping rays

Question 33

Divergent rays

Answer 33

Lines that spread apart as if originating from a point. They are said to have NEGATIVE VERGENCE

Question 34

Parallel light

Answer 34

``` Zero Vergent (never meet) Rays Move alongside each other ```

Question 35

Convergent rays

Answer 35

Lines that come together to meet at F', then diverge again as they continue their path. They are said to have POSITIVE VERGENCE.

Question 36

Speed of light in different mediums

Answer 36

Vacuum (fastest) Air (second fastest) Water (slowest of the 3)

Question 37

Optical Density

Answer 37

The ability of material in the medium to slow down the speed of light

Question 38

All lights (blue, green) move with the ---- speed in vacuum

Answer 38

All lights whether green, blue move with the same speed in vacuum

Question 39

Index of refraction in air

Answer 39

n air= 1

Question 40

Index of refraction in water

Answer 40

n water= 1.33

Question 41

Index of refraction of polycarbonate

Answer 41

n polycarbonate= 1.586

Question 42

Higher the index of refraction

Answer 42

The more its ability to slow down light

Question 43

What happens to a wavefront as it gets farther from it's source?

Answer 43

As the wavefront gets farther from it's source, its radius increases. AT A LARGE ENOUGH DISTANCE; THE WAVEFRONTS BECOME PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER (collimated)

Question 44

Law of rectilinear propagation of light (spreading light which always travel in straight lines)

Answer 44

This law proves that light travels in straight lines. Extended hole 'Pin' hole

Question 45

Extended hole

Answer 45

Bigger hole for light to pass through but image is blurry on the other side

Question 46

'Pin' hole

Answer 46

Smaller hole for light to pass through and image is flipped and clear on the other side

Question 47

Absorption of photons in the EMS may result in

Answer 47

Thermal, electrical or chemical changes

Question 48

Energy cannot be either created or destroyed it only---

Answer 48

Changes in form

Question 49

Reflection

Answer 49

Light ray (photon) is turned back to the incident material.

Question 50

Refraction

Answer 50

The "bending" or change in direction of light when it goes from one transparent material of a different optical density.

Question 51

Law of Reflection

Answer 51

When a ray of light is reflected from a surface whether smooth or rough, angle of incidence = angle of reflection

Question 52

Angle of Incidence

Answer 52

The angle of the light ray when it hits the surface |

Question 53

Angle of Refraction

Answer 53

The angle of ray after it bends in the second material

Question 54

Angle of deviation

Answer 54

The angle between the bent light and the angle of light if it were not to bent.

Question 55

Snell's law

Answer 55

Direction of the ray after it has traveled from incident material to refractive material.

Question 56

Critical angle

Answer 56

When light travels from a more dense material(higher index of refraction) to a less dense material at just the right angle (anything but 90 degrees), it's possible for the ray to emerge parallel to the surface of the refractive material. Then the resulting angle is 90 degrees