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A2 Physics > Definitions 5.1+ > Flashcards

Definitions 5.1+ Flashcards

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1
Q

Absolute zero (0K)

A

The temperature at which a substance has a minimal internal energy; this is the lowest limit for temperature.

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2
Q

Thermal equilibrium

A

Objects in contact with each other at the same temperature are in thermal equilibrium; this means that there is no net heat flow between them.

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3
Q

Kinetic model of matter

A

All matter is made up of very small particles which are in constant motion.

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4
Q

Internal energy

A

The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of all the atoms or molecules within a system.

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5
Q

Brownian motion

A

The random movement of small visible particles suspended in a fluid due to collisions with much smaller, randomly moving atoms or molecules of the fluid.

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6
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1 K.

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7
Q

Specific latent heat of fusion

A

The amount of energy required to change the phase of 1kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid.

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8
Q

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

A

The amount of energy required to change the phase of 1kg of a substance from a liquid to a gas.

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9
Q

One mole

A

Amount of a substance that contains exactly 12.0g of carbon-12. (One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10^23 particles)

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10
Q

Ideal gas

A

A gas that has internal energy in the form of random kinetic energy.

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11
Q

Mean square speed

A

The mean value of the square of the velocity c for a large number of gas particles moving randomly in a gas.

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12
Q

Root mean square speed

A

The square root of the mean square speed.

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13
Q

Boyles law

A

The volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted on the gas, under conditions of constant temperature.

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14
Q

Boltzmann constant

A

Is a constant used when relating the temperature of the gas to the mean translational kinetic energy of the particles in the gas.

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15
Q

Radian

A

Angle subtended at the centre of a circle where the arc is equal to the radius of the circle.

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16
Q

Period

A

The time taken for one complete circular path.

17
Q

Angular velocity

A

The rate of angular rotation.

18
Q

Centripetal acceleration

A

Acceleration of an object moving with uniform circular motion.

19
Q

Centripetal force

A

Resultant force on an object, acting towards the centre of the circle, causing it to move in a circular path.

20
Q

Displacement

A

The distance an object moves from its equilibrium position.

21
Q

Amplitude

A

The maximum displacement. (Will always be positive)

22
Q

Frequency

A

The number of oscillations per unit time at any point.

23
Q

Period (SHM)

A

The time taken for one complete pattern of oscillation at any point.

24
Q

Phase difference

A

Is the fraction of a complete cycle or oscillation between two oscillating points.

25
Q

Simple harmonic motion

A

A body will oscillate with simple harmonic motion if its acceleration is directly proportional to its displacement from a fixed point and always directed towards that fixed point.

26
Q

Damping

A

Damping forces reduce the amplitude of an oscillation with time, due to energy being removed from the oscillating system.

27
Q

Free oscillations

A

Occur when there is no external, periodic force. (The system oscillates at its natural frequency)

28
Q

Natural frequency

A

Is the frequency at which a system will oscillate when undergoing free oscillations.

29
Q

Forced oscillations

A

Occur when an external force or driving force is applied to keep the body oscillating. (The system oscillates at the frequency of the driving force that is causing the oscillations)

30
Q

Driving frequency

A

Is the frequency of the driving force applied to an oscillating object.

31
Q

Resonance

A

In force oscillations occurs when the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the system being forced to oscillate.

A2 Physics (2 decks)

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