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Women's Health > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Gravid

A

The number of pregnancies, regardless of outcomes.

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2
Q

Para/Parity.

A

The number of babies born after 20 weeks gestation.

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3
Q

G6P4

A

Gravida 6 Para 4 means pregnant 6 times (includes the current pregnancy) and has previously delivered 4 babies at more than 20 weeks gestation.

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4
Q

Grand multipara

A

A woman who has delivered 5 or more babies at more than 20 weeks gestation.

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5
Q

Abortion/Miscarriage

A

Pregnancy loss before 20 weeks gestation.

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6
Q

Labour

A

Regular painful contractions with cervical change after 20 weeks gestation.

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7
Q

Lower Uterine Segment Caesarean Section

A

Operative delivery of the baby through an incision in the lower uterine segment.

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8
Q

Classical Caesarean Section

A

Operative delivery of the baby through a vertical incision in the upper segment of the uterus.

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9
Q

Hysterotomy

A

Operative delivery of the baby through a uterine incision at less than 20 weeks gestation.

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10
Q

Preterm Labour

A

Labour at less than 37 weeks gestation.

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11
Q

Pre labour Rupture of Membranes (PROM)

A

Rupture of the membranes before the onset of labour.

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12
Q

Premature Pre-labour Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)

A

Rupture of the membranes before labour at less than 37 weeks gestation.

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13
Q

ARM/AROM

A

Artificial rupture of the membranes.

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14
Q

SROM

A

Spontaneous rupture of the membranes.

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15
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions

A

Painless uterine contractions in the antenatal period.

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16
Q

Naegles Rule

A

To estimate the probable date of confinement.
Add 9 months and 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period.
A correction is required if the patient does not have 28 day cycles.

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17
Q

First Stage of Labour

A

From the start of labour until full dilatation of the cervix.

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18
Q

Second Stage of Labour

A

From full dilatation of the cervix until birth of the baby.

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19
Q

Third Stage of Labour

A

From the birth of the baby until the delivery of the placenta and membranes.

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20
Q

Spurious or False Labour

A

Uterine contractions which may be regular and/or painful, but are not associated with cervical effacement and dilatation.

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21
Q

Oxytocic

A

Medication that stimulates contractions of the uterine muscle.

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22
Q

Tocolytic

A

Medication to stop uterine contractions.

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23
Q

Induction of Labour

A

The process of causing labour to commence.

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24
Q

Augmentation of Labour

A

The process of stimulating a labour that has already started.

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25
Q

Placenta Praevia

A

Placenta that approaches or covers the internal cervical os in late second or third trimester.

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26
Q

Vasa Praevia

A

Fetal vessels lying in the membranes in front of the presenting part.

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27
Q

Antepartum Haemorrhage

A

Bleeding >5ml from the vagina after 20 weeks gestation.

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28
Q

Abruption

A

Separation of the placenta from the uterus in the antenatal or intrapartum period.

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29
Q

Post Partum Haemorrhage

A

Vaginal bleeding of more than 500ml in the first 24 hours after delivery.

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30
Q

Secondary Post Partum Haemorrhage

A

Vaginal bleeding of more than 500ml more than 24 hours after delivery.

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31
Q

Placenta Accreta

A

Placenta that invades the myometrium.

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32
Q

Uterine Atony

A

Abnormal relaxation of the uterus after delivery, usually causing bleeding.

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33
Q

Isoimmunisation

A

Blood group antibodies cross the placenta resulting in haemolysis of fetal red blood cells. Antibodies include D, c, K (Kell), Kidd, Duffy etc.

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34
Q

CTG

A

Cardiotocograph.

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35
Q

Neonatal Death

A

A liveborn infant who dies within 28 days of birth, of at least 20 weeks gestation or weighing >400gm if gestation is unknown.

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36
Q

Stillbirth

A

An infant born after 20 weeks gestation (or birthweight over 400gm if gestation is unknown) who did not show any signs of life after birth.

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37
Q

Perinatal Mortality Rate

A

The number of stillbirths plus neonatal deaths per 1000 births.

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38
Q

Maternal Death

A

The death of a woman while pregnant (irrespective of the gestation) or within 42 days of the conclusion of the pregnancy irrespective of the cause of death or gestation at delivery.

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39
Q

Maternal Mortality Rate

A

Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.

40
Q

Infant Death

A

Death of an infant between 29 days and 1 year of life.

41
Q

Station

A

The level of descent of the presenting part relative to the pelvic brim or symphysis on abdominal palpation, or to the ischial spines on vaginal examination.

42
Q

Lie

A

The relationship between the long axis of the foetus and the long axis of the uterus, e.g. Longitudinal, oblique, transverse.

43
Q

Position

A

The relationship of a defined area on the presenting part (the ‘denominator’) to the mother’s pelvis.
In a cephalic presentation, the denominator is the occiput, thus the fetal position is described as occipito-anterior (OA), occipito-posterior (OP), left or right occipito-transverse (L/ROT)
In a breech presentation, the denominator is the sacrum (SA, SP, ST)

44
Q

Presentation

A

The part of the foetus which is presenting, e.g. Vertex, breech.

45
Q

Asynclitism

A

Side to side tilt of the fetal head.

46
Q

Caput

A

Oedema from obstructed venous return in the fetal scalp caused by pressure of the head against the cervix.

47
Q

Cervical Incompetence

A

Painless cervical dilatation in the second trimester causing preterm labour.

48
Q

Cord Prolapse

A

The cord is alongside or below the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes.

49
Q

Episiotomy

A

Surgical incision of the perineum during the second stage of labour.

50
Q

Third Degree Tear

A

Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles and external anal sphincter.

51
Q

Second Degree Tear

A

Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa and perineal muscles.

52
Q

Lochia

A

Vaginal discharge during the puerperium.

53
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

Reduced amniotic fluid.

54
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

Excess amniotic fluid.

55
Q

Pre Eclampsia

A

Hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy.

56
Q

Eclampsia

A

A seizure in the clinical setting of pre-eclampsia.

57
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Sampling of amniotic fluid using a needle through the abdominal wall of the woman.

58
Q

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

A

Sampling of the placenta using a needle under ultrasound guidance.

59
Q

External Cephalic Version

A

Turning a breech baby to cephalic presentation through the maternal abdominal wall.

60
Q

Retained Placenta

A

Placenta still in utero 1 hour after delivery of the baby.

61
Q

Precipitate Labour

A

Labour less than 4 hours duration.

62
Q

Shoulder Dystocia

A

Difficulty delivery the shoulders during delivery of the fetal head.

63
Q

Puerperium

A

The 6 weeks following delivery.

64
Q

Quickening

A

Maternal perception of fetal movements.

65
Q

Restitution

A

Rotation of the fetal head after delivery to align with the back and shoulders.

66
Q

Show

A

A discharge of blood and mucus from the vagina in early labour or the days preceding labour.

67
Q

Phototherapy

A

Use of standard fluorescent white light or blue light therapy to photoisomerise bilirubin to allow for its excretion.

68
Q

Exchange Transfusion

A

Procedure to treat severe newborn pathological jaundice in which blood is removed and replaced with donor blood. This removes the bilirubin and also the antibodies that have been causing haemolysis and jaundice.

69
Q

Low Birthweight Baby

A

Weight

70
Q

Very Low Birthweight Baby

A

Weight

71
Q

Neonatal Respiratory Distress

A

Tachypnoea, increased effort of breathing, noisy breathing and central cyanosis.

72
Q

Caesarean Hysterectomy

A

Laparotomy at which the contents of the Gravid uterus are delivered, then the uterus is excised (e.g. Due to placenta accreta)

73
Q

Perimortem CS

A

Caesarean performed on a moribund or dead woman with a view to preserving her life.

74
Q

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)

A

An overarching term for disturbed menstrual bleeding, which includes bleeding that is abnormally heavy or abnormal in timing.

75
Q

Primary Amenorrhoea

A

Absence of periods ever.

76
Q

Secondary Amenorrhoea

A

Absence of periods for a 6 month period.

77
Q

Intermenstrual Bleeding

A

Bleeding episodes between normally timed menstrual periods that are either random or follow a cyclical pattern.

78
Q

Irregular Menstrual Bleeding

A

Unpredictable onset of menses, with cycle variations of >20 days over a period of 1 year.

79
Q

Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding

A

Menstrual bleeding lasting >8 days on a regular basis.

80
Q

Acute AUB

A

An episode of heavy bleeding that, in the clinician’s opinion, is sufficiently heavy to require immediate treatment to prevent further blood loss.

81
Q

Chronic AUB

A

Bleeding from uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, duration and/or frequency and has been present for most of the past 6 months.

82
Q

Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

A

Excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a woman’s physical, emotional, social and material quality of life, occurring alone or with other symptoms.

Note: replaces term ‘menorrhagia’. This definition includes menstrual bleeding deemed excessive by the patient, regardless of its regularity, frequency or duration.

83
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Pelvic pain during menstruation.

84
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Pain with sexual intercourse.

85
Q

Cervical Excitation

A

Pain felt by the woman where her cervix is moved during vaginal examination, typically from free blood in the peritoneal cavity.

86
Q

Cervical Ectropion

A

The endocervical columnar epithelium protrudes through the external os of the cervix and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix.

87
Q

Infertility

A

Failure of a couple to conceive in 1 year.

88
Q

Endometriosis

A

The occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, most commonly on the pelvic peritoneal surfaces.

89
Q

Adenomyosis

A

The occurrence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium.

90
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

A

Infection of the uterus, Fallopian tubes or pelvis.

91
Q

Menopause

A

The final menstrual period.

92
Q

Premature Menopause

A

Menopause occurring before 40 years of age.

93
Q

Climacteric/Perimenopause

A

The period of time when ovarian function declines and menopausal symptoms appear.

94
Q

Post-Menopause

A

The time after menopause.

95
Q

Lactational Amenorrhoea Method

A

Effective contraception provided when a woman is fully breast-feeding a baby less than 6 months of age and has no return of menses.

96
Q

Nullipara

A

A woman who has never been pregnant beyond 20 weeks gestation.

Women's Health (1 decks)

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