Definitions

Question 1

Abnormal Uterine bleeding (AUB)

Answer 1

An overarching term for disturbed menstrual bleeding, which includes bleeding that is abnormally heavy or abnormal in timing

Question 2

Primary ammenorrhea

Answer 2

Absence of periods ever

Question 3

Secondary ammenorrhea

Answer 3

Absence of periods for a 6 month period

Question 4

Intermenstrual bleeding

Answer 4

Bleeding episodes between normally timed menstrual periods that are either random or follow a cyclical pattern

Question 5

Prolonged menstrual bleeding

Answer 5

Menstrual bleeding lasting >8 days on a regular basis

Question 6

Acute AUB

Answer 6

An episode of heavy bleeding that, in the clinician’s opinion, is sufficiently heavy to require immediate treatment to prevent further blood loss

Question 7

Chronic AUB

Answer 7

Bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, duration, and/or frequency and has been present for most of the past 6 months

Question 8

Heavy menstrual bleeding (replaces menorrhagia)

Answer 8

Excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a woman’s physical, emotional, social and material quality of life, occurring alone or with other symptoms.

Note: this definition includes menstrual bleeding deemed excessive by the patient regardless of its regularity, frequency or duration

Question 9

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 9

Pelvic pain during menstruation

Question 10

Dyspareunia

Answer 10

Pelvic pain with sexual intercourse

Question 11

Cervical excitation

Answer 11

Pain felt by the woman when her cervix is moved during vaginal examination, typically from free blood in the peritoneal cavity

Question 12

Cervical ectropion

Answer 12

The endocervical columnar epithelium protrudes through the external os of the cervix and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix

Question 13

Infertility

Answer 13

Failure for a couple to conceive in 1 year

Question 14

Endometriosis

Answer 14

The occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, most commonly on the pelvic peritoneal surfaces

Question 15

Adenomyosis

Answer 15

The occurrence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium

Question 16

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Answer 16

Infection of uterus, fallopian tube or pelvis

Question 17

Menopause

Answer 17

The final menstrual period

Question 18

Premature menopause

Answer 18

Menopause occurring before 40 years of age

Question 19

Climacteric/Perimenopause

Answer 19

The period of time when ovarian function declines and menopausal symptoms appear

Question 20

Post menopause

Answer 20

The time after menopause

Question 21

Lactational amenorrhea method

Answer 21

Effective contraception provided when a woman is fully breast-feeding a baby less than 6 months of age and has no return of menses

Question 22

Cord prolapse

Answer 22

The cord is alongside or below the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes

Question 23

Episiotomy

Answer 23

Surgical incision of the perineum during the second stage of labour

Question 24

Third degree tear

Answer 24

Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles and external anal sphincter

Question 25

Second degree tear

Answer 25

Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa and perineal muscles

Question 26

Lochia

Answer 26

Vaginal discharge during the pueperium

Question 27

Oligohydramnios

Answer 27

Reduced amniotic fluid

Question 28

Polyhydramnios

Answer 28

Excess amniotic fluid

Question 29

Pre-eclampsia

Answer 29

Hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy

Question 30

Eclampsia

Answer 30

A seizure in the clinical setting of preeclampsia

Question 31

Amniocentesis

Answer 31

Sampling of amniotic fluid using a needle through the abdominal wall of the woman

Question 32

Chorionic Villis Sampling (CVS)

Answer 32

Chorionic villus sampling. Sampling of the placenta using a needle under ultrasound guidance.

Question 33

External cephalic version

Answer 33

Turning a breech baby to cephalic presentation through the maternal abdominal wall

Question 34

Retained placenta

Answer 34

Placenta still in utero 1 hour after delivery of the baby

Question 35

Precipitate labour

Answer 35

Labour less than 4 hours duration

Question 36

Shoulder dystocia

Answer 36

Difficulty delivering the shoulders after delivery of the fetal head

Question 37

Peuperium

Answer 37

The 6 weeks following delivery

Question 38

Quickening

Answer 38

Maternal perception of fetal movements

Question 39

Restitution

Answer 39

Rotation of the fetal head after delivery to align with the back and shoulders

Question 40

Show

Answer 40

A discharge of blood and mucus from the vagina in early labour or the days preceding labour

Question 41

Phototherapy

Answer 41

Use of standard fluorescent white or blue light therapy to photoisomerise bilirubin to allow for its excretion

Question 42

Exchange transfusion

Answer 42

Procedure to treat severe newborn pathological jaundice in which blood is removed and replaced with donor blood. This removes the bilirubin and also the antibodies that have been causing haemolysis and jaundice

Question 43

Low birthweight baby

Question 44

Very low birthweight baby

Question 45

Neonatal respiratory death

Answer 45

Tachypnoea, increased effort of breathing, noisy breathing and central cyanosis

Question 46

Caesarean hysterectomy

Answer 46

Laparotomy at which the contents of the gravid uterus are delivered, then the uterus is excised (e.g due to placenta accreta)

Question 47

Perimortem CS

Answer 47

Caesarean performed on a moribund or dead woman with a view to preserving her life