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Obs/Gyn > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Nullipara

A

A woman who has never been pregnant beyond 20 weeks gestation.

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2
Q

Gravid

A

The number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome

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3
Q

Para/parity

A

The number of babies born after 20 weeks gestation

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4
Q

G6,P4

A

Gravida 6, Para 4 means pregnant 6 times (includes the current pregnancy) and has
previously delivered 4 babies at more than 20 weeks gestation

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5
Q

Grand multipara

A

A woman who has delivered 5 or more babies at more than 20 weeks gestation

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6
Q

Abortion/miscarriage

A

Pregnancy loss before 20 weeks gestation

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7
Q

Labour

A

Regular painful contractions with cervical change after 20 weeks gestation

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8
Q

Lower uterine segment

caesarean section

A

Operative delivery of the baby through an incision in the lower uterine segment

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9
Q

Classical caesarean

section

A

Operative delivery of a baby through a vertical incision in the upper segment of the uterus

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10
Q

Hysterotomy

A

Operative delivery of the baby through a uterine incision at less than 20 weeks
gestation

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11
Q

Preterm labour

A

Labour at less than 37 weeks gestation

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12
Q

Prelabour rupture of

membranes (PROM)

A

Rupture of the membranes before the onset of labour

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13
Q

Premature prelabour
rupture of membranes
(PPROM)

A

Rupture of the membranes before labour at less than 37 weeks gestation

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14
Q

ARM/AROM

A

Artificial rupture of the membranes

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15
Q

SROM

A

Spontaneous rupture of the membranes

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16
Q

Braxton Hicks

contractions

A

Painless uterine contractions in the antenatal period

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17
Q

Naegles rule

A

To estimate the probable date of confinement.
Add 9 months and 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period.
A correction is required if the patient does not have 28 day cycles.

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18
Q

First stage of labour

A

From the start of labour until full dilatation of the cervix

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19
Q

Second stage of labour

A

From full dilatation of the cervix until birth of the baby

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20
Q

Third stage of labour

A

From the birth of the baby until the delivery of the placenta and membranes

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21
Q

Spurious or false labour

A

Uterine contractions which may be regular and/or painful, but are not associated with
cervical effacement and dilatation

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22
Q

Oxytocic

A

Medication that stimulates contractions of the uterine muscle

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23
Q

Tocolytic

A

Medication to stop uterine contractions

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24
Q

Induction of labour

A

The process of causing labour to commence

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25
Q

Augmentation of labour

A

The process of stimulating a labour that has already started

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26
Q

Placenta praevia

A

Placenta that approaches or covers the internal cervical os in late second or third
trimester

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27
Q

Vasa praevia

A

Fetal vessels lying in the membranes in front of the presenting part

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28
Q

Antepartum haemorrhage

A

Bleeding >5ml from the vagina after 20 weeks gestation

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29
Q

Abruption

A

Separation of the placenta from the uterus in the antenatal or intrapartum period

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30
Q

Post partum

haemorrhage

A

Vaginal bleeding of more than 500 ml in the first 24 hours after delivery

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31
Q

Secondary post partum

haemorrhage

A

Vaginal bleeding of more than 500 ml more than 24 hours after delivery

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32
Q

Placenta accreta

A

Placenta that invades the myometrium

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33
Q

Uterine atony

A

Abnormal relaxation of the uterus after delivery, usually causing bleeding

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34
Q

Isoimmunisation

A

Blood group antibodies cross the placenta resulting in haemolysis of fetal red blood
cells. Antibodies include D, c, K (Kell), Kidd, Duffy etc.

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35
Q

CTG

A

cardiotocograph

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36
Q

Neonatal death

A

A liveborn infant who dies within 28 days of birth, of at least 20 weeks gestation or
weighing >400gm if gestation is unknown

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37
Q

Stillbirth

A

An infant born after 20 weeks gestation ( or birthweight over 400gm if gestation is
unknown) who did not show any signs of life after birth

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38
Q

Perinatal mortality rate

A

The number of stillbirths plus neonatal deaths per 1000 births

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39
Q

Maternal death

A

The death of a woman while pregnant (irrespective of the gestation) or within 42 days
of the conclusion of the pregnancy irrespective of the cause of death or gestation at
delivery

40
Q

Maternal mortality rate

A

Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births

41
Q

Infant death

A

Death of an infant between 29 days and 1 year of life

42
Q

Station

A

The level of descent of the presenting part relative to the pelvic brim or symphysis on
abdominal palpation, or to the ischial spines on vaginal examination

43
Q

Lie

A

The relationship between the long axis of the fetus and the long axis of the uterus, eg
longitudinal, oblique, transverse

44
Q

Position

A

The relationship of a defined area on the presenting part (the ‘denominator’) to the
mother’s pelvis. In a cephalic presentation, the denominator is the occiput, thus the
fetal position is described as occipito-anterior (OA), occipito-posterior (OP), left or right
occipito-transverse (L/ROT). In a breech presentation, the denominator is the sacrum
(SA, SP, ST).

45
Q

Presentation

A

The part of the fetus which is presenting eg vertex, breech

46
Q

Asynclitism

A

Side to side tilt of the fetal head

47
Q

Caput

A

Oedema from obstructed venous return in the fetal scalp caused by pressure of the
head against the cervix

48
Q

Cervical incompetence

A

Painless cervical dilatation in the second trimester causing preterm labour

49
Q

Cord prolapse

A

The cord is alongside or below the presenting part in the presence of ruptured
membranes

50
Q

Episiotomy

A

Surgical incision of the perineum during the second stage of labour

51
Q

Third degree tear

A

Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles and external anal
sphincter

52
Q

Second degree tear

A

Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa and perineal muscles

53
Q

Lochia

A

Vaginal discharge during the puerperium

54
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

Reduced amniotic fluid

55
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

Excess amniotic fluid

56
Q

Pre eclampsia

A

Hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy

57
Q

Eclampsia

A

A seizure in the clinical setting of preeclampsia

58
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Sampling of amniotic fluid using a needle through the abdominal wall of the woman

59
Q

Chorionic villus sampling

CVS

A

Sampling of the placenta using a needle under ultrasound

guidance

60
Q

External cephalic version

A

Turning a breech baby to cephalic presentation through the maternal abdominal wall

61
Q

Retained placenta

A

Placenta still in utero 1 hour after delivery of the baby

62
Q

Precipitate labour

A

Labour less than 4 hours duration

63
Q

Shoulder dystocia

A

Difficulty delivering the shoulders after delivery of the fetal head

64
Q

Puerperium

A

The 6 weeks following delivery

65
Q

Quickening

A

Maternal perception of fetal movements

66
Q

Restitution

A

Rotation of the fetal head after delivery to align with the back and shoulders

67
Q

Show

A

A discharge of blood and mucus from the vagina in early labour or the days preceding
labour

68
Q

Phototherapy

A

Use of standard fluorescent white light or blue light therapy to photoisomerise bilirubin
to allow for its excretion

69
Q

Exchange transfusion

A

Procedure to treat severe newborn pathological jaundice in which blood is removed
and replaced with donor blood. This removes the bilirubin and also the antibodies that
have been causing haemolysis and jaundice.

70
Q

Low birthweight baby

A
71
Q

Very low birthweight

baby

A
72
Q

Neonatal respiratory

distress

A

Tachypnoea, increased effort of breathing, noisy breathing and central cyanosis

73
Q

Caesarean hysterectomy

A

Laparotomy at which the contents of the gravid uterus are delivered, then the uterus is
excised (e.g. due to placenta accreta)

74
Q

Perimortem CS

A

Caesarean performed on a moribund or dead woman with a view to preserving her life

75
Q

Abnormal uterine

bleeding (AUB)

A

An overarching term for disturbed menstrual bleeding, which includes bleeding that is
abnormally heavy or abnormal in timing

76
Q

Primary ammenorrhea

A

Absence of periods ever

77
Q

Secondary amenorrhea

A

Absence of periods for a 6-month period

78
Q

Intermenstrual bleeding

A

Bleeding episodes between normally timed menstrual periods that are either random or
follow a cyclical pattern

79
Q

Irregular menstrual

bleeding

A

Unpredictable onset of menses, with cycle variations of >20 days over a period of 1
year

80
Q

Prolonged menstrual

bleeding

A

Menstrual bleeding lasting >8 days on a regular basis

81
Q

Acute AUB

A

An episode of heavy bleeding that, in the clinician’s opinion, is sufficiently heavy to
require immediate treatment to prevent further blood loss

82
Q

Chronic AUB

A

Bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, duration, and/or
frequency and has been present for most of the past 6 months

83
Q

Heavy menstrual
bleeding (replaces
menorrhagia)

A

Excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a woman’s physical, emotional,
social, and material quality of life, occurring alone or with other symptoms. Note that
this definition includes menstrual bleeding deemed excessive by the patient regardless
of its regularity, frequency, or duration

84
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Pelvic pain during menstruation

85
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Pain with sexual intercourse

86
Q

Cervical excitation

A

Pain felt by the woman when her cervix is moved during vaginal examination, typically
from free blood in the peritoneal cavity

87
Q

Cervical ectropion

A

The endocervical columnar epithelium protrudes through the external os of the cervix
and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix

88
Q

Infertility

A

Failure of a couple to conceive in 1 year

89
Q

Endometriosis

A

The occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, most commonly on the pelvic
peritoneal surfaces

90
Q

Adenomyosis

A

The occurrence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium

91
Q

Pelvic inflammatory

disease (PID)

A

Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes or pelvis

92
Q

Menopause

A

The final menstrual period

93
Q

Premature menopause

A

Menopause occurring before 40 years of age

94
Q

Climacteric/

perimenopause

A

The period of time when ovarian function declines and menopausal symptoms appear

95
Q

Post menopause

A

The time after menopause

96
Q

Lactational amenorrhea

method

A

Effective contraception provided when a woman is fully breast-feeding a baby less than
6 months of age and has no return of menses

Obs/Gyn (1 decks)

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