Definitions Flashcards
• L’Anse Aux Meadows:
o First Euro presence in NA
• John Cabot:
o Reach Asia by sailing west o Landed NFLD, or Cape Norse o 1st recorded landing on NA since Norse o Claimed for England o 2nd trip with 300 men
• Henry Hudson
o Searched for a northwest passage o Path to Asia o Sailed into Hudson Strait o James Bay o Beached the discovery o Intended to continue search o Crew mutiny o Hudson, his son and 7 others o Forced into Boat o Cut adrift o Fate unknown
Northwest Passage
Path to Asia through/around North America
• Jacques Cartier
o Led 4 voyages o Look for: Gold in New World, passage to Asia o Contacted Iroquois o Raised a cross o 1st explorer in St Lawrence o Credited with discovering Canada o Small region of Quebec o Named it Canada (during second voyage)
• Port Royal
o Port Royal 1st Euro year round settlement in Canada o Gardens o Experimental seed plots o Theatre show o Social Club
• Champlain
Used Port Royal as base to further explore
Created Quebec City = first lasting settlement
The start of Canada
Quebec City
First Lasting settlement
o Indentured Labour
o Transport paid
o Free animals
o Work 3-5 years
o Then receive own land
o Intendant
o In charge of finance, justice
o Ursulines
o Nuns
o Professional teachers
• Les Filles du Roi
King’s Daughters/ how to get women over
Orphans or poor French Women
Sent by King
After marriage received: Animals, meat and Money
o Canadien
o Born in New France
Acadians
Colonization of NS, PEI, NB, SE Quebec
Peaceful people
England took control
Required to swear oath of alliance to England
• Seigneurial System
Land distribution based on feudalism King owned land to nobility King granted land to nobility Nobility = seigneurs Seigneurs rented land to habitants King granted land to seigneur on conditions: Live on land, provide local court for disputes, Bring in habitants and record who lives there, help pay for roads and bridges, build mill, build church and find a priest, parish
• Habitant
o Could become a seigneur
o Could leave to fur trade
New France Money
Relied on cash from France Ship is late = trouble Made playing card money Printed values on cards Affixed seal to them Ship arrived = redeemed for cash
• Governor General
Appointed by king
In charge of: External affairs, military, First Nations, English colonist, Veto Power
• Intendant
Appointed by King
In charge of Internal affairs: Taxes, roads, public order, legal system, economy
• Superior Sovereign Council
o Advisory
o 5 local reps
• Missionaries
work to convert those not of their faith
More aggressive than traders to change First Nations
Believed they had “one true religion”
First Nations in need of salvation
o Black Robe
The society of Jesus, Jesuits Most significant In New France Focused on Huron nation Hurons: sedentary: feared could lose trading Lived among First Nations Educate and preach
o Sainte-Marie among the Hurons
Created by Lalemant
Fortified Jesuit headquarters
First Euro settlement in Ontario
• Beaver Wars
Iroquois vs French 1st nations = Trade middleman Iroquois dependent on trade goods Pressure for rich beavers areas Dutch traders in NY provide guns Attack New France Raided allies: Huron French have guns only to converts Iroquois had number advantage Found stiff resistance Entered into peace Renewed hostilities Treaty Attacked Lachine
• Troupes de la Marine
500 troops
Group of the navy
Approx 1st permanent ‘Cdn’ military
Forced Iroquois to make peace
• Great Peace of 1701
1300 individual natives
Stopped fighting
Agreed to be neutral in wars between English + French
• Treaty of Utrecht
o Gave Acadia to British
o Gives drainage basin of Hudson’s Bay to Britain
7 Years war
o 1753-63 1st global war: Africa, india, Europe, North America In NA: France vs England 13 Colonies had > 1 million people but little space New France had 70,000 with large land mass Winner in NA would own continent Britain declared war on France May 1756 French army shortage only 6000 regulars Britain > 23,000
o Wolfe
o Wolfe order to retreat –> British general
o Montcalm
o in charge of Quebec
• Bjarni Herjolfsson:
o Likely first Euro ever to sight NA
o Saw wooded hilly land = NFLD, Baffin island
