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Process Control > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

PROCESS CONTROL

A

THE AUTOMATIC HOLDING OF CERTAIN PROCESS VARIABLES WITHIN GIVEN LIMITS.

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2
Q

TRANSDUCER

A

A DEVICE THAT CHANGES ENERGY FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER.

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3
Q

FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT

A

THE PART OF THE CONTROL LOOP THAT RECEIVES A SIGNAL FROM THE CONTROLLER AND CONVERTS IT INTO AN ACTION THAT CAUSES THE MANIPULATED VARIABLE TO CHANGE.

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4
Q

TRANSMITTER

A

A DEVICE THAT CONDITIONS THE SIGNAL RECEIVED FROM A TRANSDUCER SO THAT IT CAN BE SENT SOME DISTANCE AWAY.

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5
Q

ANALOG

A

A CONTINUOUS OPERATING SIGNAL.

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6
Q

SENSOR

A

THE PART OF A CONTROL LOOP THAT SENSES THE VALUE OF A PROCESS VARIABLE.

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7
Q

ACTUATOR

A

THE PART OF THE FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT THAT CONVERTS AN INPUT SIGNAL INTO AN ACTION.

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8
Q

CONTROLLED VARIABLE

A

THE VARIABLE MEASURED TO INDICATE THE CONDITION OF THE OUTPUT OF THE PROCESS.

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9
Q

SPAN

A

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE LOWEST AND HIGHEST READING OF AN INSTRUMENT.

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10
Q

SET POINT

A

THOSE VALUES OVER WHICH A TRANSMITTER IS INTENDED TO MEASURE.

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11
Q

PROCESS VARIABLE

A

THE VARIABLE MEASURED TO INDICATE THE CONDITION OF THE OUTPUT OF THE PROCESS.

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12
Q

MODULATION

A

A COMPONENT, SUCH AS A VALVE, THAT THAT IS CAPABLE OF OPERATING AT ANY POSITION BETWEEN FULLY OPEN AND FULL CLOSED.

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13
Q

MANIPULATED VARIABLE

A

THE VARIABLE MANIPULATED BY THE FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT.

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14
Q

CONTROLLER

A

PROCESS CONTROL LOOP ELEMENT THAT DETERMINES WHAT ACTION NEEDS TO BE TAKEN.

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15
Q

MEASURED VARIABLE

A

THE VARIABLE MEASURED TO INDICATE THE CONDITION OF THE OUTPUT OF THE PROCESS.

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16
Q

RANGE

A

THE DESIRED VALUE WHERE THE PROCESS SHOULD BE MAINTAINED.

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17
Q

DEVIATION

A

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MEASURED SIGNAL VALUE AND THE SET POINT.

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18
Q

INSTRUMENT

A

A DEVICE USED TO MEASURE AND/OR CONTROL A PROCESS VARIABLE.

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19
Q

ERROR

A

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MEASURED SIGNAL VALUE AND THE SET POINT OR DESIRED VALUE.

20
Q

LAG TIME

A

THE TIME REQUIRED TO RETURN A PROCESS VARIABLE TO ITS SET POINT FOLLOWING A DISTURBANCE.

21
Q

DISTURBANCE

A

THE DEPARTURE FROM A DESIRED VALUE, USUALLY THE RESULT OF AN UNEXPECTED LOAD CHANGE.

22
Q

SIGNAL

A

INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF A PNEUMATIC PRESSURE, AN ELECTRIC CURRENT, OR MECHANICAL POSITION THAT CARRIES INFORMATION FFROM ONE CONTROL COMPONENT TO ANOTHER.

23
Q

LOOP

A

A SIGNAL PATH. A COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE INSTRUMENTS OR CONTROL FUNCTIONS ARRANGED SO THAT SIGNALS PASS FROM ONE TO ANOTHER FOR THE PURPOSE OF MEASUREMENT OR CONTROL.

24
Q

CLOSED LOOP

A

A COMBINATION OF CONTROL UNITS IN WHICH THE PROCESS VARIABLE IS MEASURED, COMPARED WITH THE SETPOINT, AND CORRECTED IF NECESSARY.

25
Q

FEEDBACK

A

THE CONTROLLED VARIABLE SIGNAL FED TO THE CONTROLLER TO MONITOR THE CONTROL AND OUTPUT OF THE CONTROLLER.

26
Q

OPEN LOOP

A

A SYSTEM IN WHICH NO COMPARISON IS MADE BETWEEN THE ACTUAL VALUE AND THE DESIRED VALUE OF A SET POINT.

27
Q

CALIBRATION

A

A COMPARISON OF AN INSTRUMENT’S INPUT AND OUTPUTSIGNAL TO A KNOWN VARIABLE.

28
Q

GAIN

A

THE RATIO OF CHANGE IN INPUT DIVIDED BY THE CHANGE IN INPUT THAT CAUSED IT.

29
Q

IDEAL SIGNAL

A

ALL FIVE CHECK POINTS ARE MATCHED PERFECTLY.

30
Q

ZERO SHIFT ERROR

A

AN ERROR SIGNAL PRODUCED THAT IS CONSISTENTLY HIGHER OR LOWER THAN EXPECTED THROUGHOUT THE SPAN.

31
Q

SPAN ERROR

A

WILL NOT REFLECT 100% OF THE OUTPUT SPAN.

32
Q

NON-LINEARITY

A

OCCURS ONLY WHEN 0% AND 100% VALUES ARE ACCURATE, BUT OTHER VALUES DO NOT MATCH.

33
Q

HYSTERESIS

A

PRODUCE ERRORS THAT IS DIFFERENT UP SCALE FROM DOWN SCALE.

34
Q

LIVE ZERO

A

A TRANSMITTER OUTPUT SET AT A VALUE HIGHER THAN ZERO.

35
Q

AS FOUND

A

READINGS MEASURED PRIOR TO CALIBRATION.

36
Q

AS LEFT

A

READINGS MEASURED AFTER CALIBRATION.

37
Q

WHAT COLOR IS THE NEGATIVE LEAD IN A THERMOCOUPLE?

A

RED

38
Q

CALIBRATION

A

A COMPARISON OF AN INSTRUMENT’S INPUT AND OUT PUT SIGNAL TO A KNOWN STANDARD.

39
Q

A THERMOCOUPLES OPEN WIRES

A

REFERENCE JUNCTION

40
Q

THE FUSED END OF A THERMOCOUPLE

A

MEASURING JUNCTION

41
Q

WHAT METALS ARE USED IN A TYPE J THERMOCOUPLE?

A

IRON(+)

CONSTANTAN(-)

42
Q

WHAT IS ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE?

A

14.7 PSI

43
Q

CAPACITANCE PRESSURE SENSOR

A

COMPOSED OF TWO CONDUCTIVE PLATES SEPARATED BY A DIELECTRIC, AIR, OR ANOTHER FORM OF INSULATOR: CONVERTS PRESSURE INTO AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL.

44
Q

THREE NEEDS FOR CALIBRATION

A
  1. INPUT STANDARD
  2. OUTPUT STANDARD
  3. POWER SUPPLY
45
Q

TOOLS OF CALIBRATION

A
  1. FLUKE 744
  2. HART COMMUNICATOR
  3. DECADE BOX

Process Control (2 decks)

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