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Chemistry - Cerritos College > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Pure Substance

A
  • large collection of very small particles in which the particles are all alike
  • made of elements & compounds.
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2
Q

Element

A
  • one type of substance

- maybe atoms or molecules

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3
Q

Compound

A
  • one type of pure substance

- made of molecules or ions

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4
Q

Particles

A
  • what matter is made of
    • atoms
    • molecules
    • ions
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5
Q

Molecule

A
  • single particle composed of two or more atoms

- held together by very strong bond

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6
Q

Ion

A
  • particle with electric charge
  • positive or negative
  • monatomic or polyatomic
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7
Q

Monatomic Ion

A
  • atom with an electric charge

- postive or negative

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8
Q

Polyatomic Ion

A
  • molecule with an electric charge

- postivie or negative

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9
Q

Mixture

A
  • particles are not all alike
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10
Q

Homogenous mixture

A
  • mixture that is homogenous in appearance

- uniform compostion

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11
Q

Heterogenous Mixture

A
  • mixture that is heterogenous in appearance

- not uniform in composition

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12
Q

Significant Figures

A
  • Non zero #’s are sig
  • Zeros between non zeros are sig
  • Zeros left of non zeros are not sig
  • Zeros right of non zeros are ambiguous
  • Add/Sub measured by decimal places
  • Mult/Div measured by sig figs
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13
Q

Units of Mass

A

Metric: gram (g)

English: pound (lb), ounce (oz)

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14
Q

Units of Length

A

Metric: meter (m)

English: foot (ft), yard (yd), mile (mi)

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15
Q

Units of Area

A 
Metric: derived units: square meter (m2), 
                                  square centimeter (cm2)
English: square inch (in2), square yard (yd2),
              square foot (ft2)
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16
Q

Units of Volume

A

Metric: basic unit: Liter (L)
derived units: meter cubed (m3),
centimeter cubed (cm3)

English: gallon (gal), quart (qt), pint (pt)

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17
Q

Equivalent units

A

cm3 = cc = ml

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18
Q

Kilo-

A

1,000 = 1 x 10 exp 3

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19
Q

deci-

A

0.1 = 1 x 10 exp -1

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20
Q

centi-

A

0.01 = 1 x 10 exp -2

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21
Q

milli-

A

0.001 = 1 x 10 exp -3

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22
Q

micro-

A

0.000001 = 1 x 10 exp -6

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23
Q

nano-

A

0.000000001 = 1 x 10 exp -9

24
Q

Kelvin to Celsius

A

K - 273.15 = C (3 sf’s)

25
Q

Celsius to Kelvin

A

C + 273.15 = K (3 sf’s)

26
Q

Density

A

mass / volume

27
Q

Density of Water

A

1 g/ml

28
Q

Periodic table: Group (families)

A
  • Vertical columns
  • similar chem & physical properties
  • Group A: representative elements
  • Group B: transition elements/metals
  • Group IA = alkali metals (not H)
  • Group IIA = alkaline earth metals
  • Group VIIA = halogens
  • Group VIII = nobles gases (inert gases)
29
Q

Periodic Table: Periods

A
  • Horizontal rows
30
Q

Periodic Table: Atomic Mass

A
  • weighted of average of masses of all the isotopes of an element relative to mass of carbon-12
  • units of atomic weight (amu)
31
Q

Diatomic Elements (nonmetal)

A
  • Hydrgen (H2)
  • Nitrogen (N2)
  • Oxygen (O2)
  • Flourine (F2)
  • Chlorine (Cl2)
  • Bromine (Br2)
  • Iodine (I2)
32
Q

Chemical Change

A
  • Change that results in the formation of one or more new substances
  • Different chem & phys property
33
Q

Kinetic Energy

A
  • Energy of motion

- K.E. = 1/2mv exp 2

34
Q

Exothermic

A
  • phys or chem change where HEAT is released
35
Q

Endothermic

A
  • phys or chem change where HEAT is absorb
36
Q

Law of Conservation of Matter (mass)

A
  • matter is neither created nor destroyed, mass is conserved and changed
37
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A
  • energy is neither created nor destroyed
38
Q

Matter

A
  • Collection of very small particles
  • Three kinds of particles:
    • Atoms
    • Ions
    • Molecules
  • Two kinds of matter:
    • Pure substances
    • Mixtures
39
Q

Formula Unit

A
  • lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound

- analogous to molecule of a molecular compound

40
Q

Nucleus

A
  • where protons and neutrons are located

- electrons located outside of nulceus

41
Q

Isotope

A
  • atom of same element that differs in number of neutrons
42
Q

Valence Shell

A
  • outermost occupied shell of atom
43
Q

Valence Electron

A
  • outermost electron in Valence shell
44
Q

Atomic number

A
  • identity. Number of protons in nucleus

- equal number of electrons in neutral atom

45
Q

Mass number

A
  • Sum of protons and neutrons
46
Q

Atomic mass

A
  • weighted average of masses in an atom/molecule

- compared to Carbon-12 (12.00000 amu)

47
Q

Ion

A
  • atom (molecule) that lost or gained electrons for a charge
48
Q

Cation

A
  • positively charged ion
49
Q

Anion

A
  • negatively charged ion
50
Q

Ionic bond

A
  • metal to nonmetal; metal transfers electrons to nonmetal
51
Q

Covalent bond

A
  • two nonmetals; share electrons
52
Q

Neutral atom

A
  • atom with no net charge

- equal number of electrons and protons

53
Q

Formula unit

A
  • basic unit of ionic compounds

- smallest electrically neutral collection of cation/anion in compound

54
Q

Molecular mass

A
  • average mass of molecules in compound
55
Q

Mole

A
  • mass in grams = atomic mass in amu

- avogardo’s number 6.022 x 10e23

56
Q

Empirical formula

A
  • formula for a compound that gives the smallest whole number ratio of each atom
57
Q

Molecular formula

A
  • formula for compound that gives specific number of each atom in molecule

Chemistry - Cerritos College (20 decks)

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