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Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Reasons to study historical theology

A

1 there is no unmediated access to the scriptures… See it through the lens of a historical theology
2 the church confirms and passes on the canon
3 avoids problems that occur when only the bible is read
Can argue from conformity to Christians in the past
Gain insights to protect from current controversy
Acknowledges our historical located ness

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2
Q

What is historical theology

A

The study of the way in which theology has been expressed through the generations

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3
Q

What is christian doctrine

A

1 normative - what Christians should believe
2 descriptive - what do Christians believe

Understand each scripture in the place of all the scriptures … Find their place.
Thoughts and ideas exposed to the light of Gods truth.

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4
Q

What is post modernism

A

1 philosophy that regards absolute truth claims with suspicion
2 meta narratives are considered power plays
3 post modern historians fragment all history to look at it from a variety of perspectives eg black, feminist

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5
Q

What is a meta narrative

A

A big (mega) story (narrative) into which all other stories fit… That makes sense of reality

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6
Q

What is the significance of the fall of Jerusalem in ad 70?

A

1 rabbinic Judaism dominated Judaism because the temple was gone
2 Christianity no longer restricted by the cultural baggage of Judaism free to embrace other cultures
3 Christianity no longer has Jerusalem at the centre
4 Christianity spreads further through Roman Empire
5 provides historical evidence for early dating of much of the NT canon

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7
Q

What advantages did the Roman Empire give Christianity

A

1 roads … Travel across empire
2 security … Ideas could spread
3 citizenship
4 books… Purchase and production

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8
Q

Why was the early church persecuted

A

1 misunderstanding… Atheism, cannibalism (communion), incest (brothers and sisters), secret meetings…
2 Jews saying Christians a threat
3 pagans frustrated by lack idol sales
4 emperors:
A Nero blame fire of Rome and sport
B Pliny stubbornness
C Decius religious would not worship idols
D Diocletian politics, Christians a liability

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9
Q

Why was martyrdom significant

A

1 identification / imitation of Christ
2 witness to Jesus as Son of God and Lord of all
3 Tertullian - the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church
4 attracted people to Christianity
5 evidence of faith in resurrection
6 records encouraged Christians

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10
Q

How was martyrdom corrupted

A 
1 people sought it out
2 adulation of martyrs
3 lead to the donatist controversy ...those who shrunk back called traditores
4 canonisation and Saint worship
5 undermined other christian life
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11
Q

What did Justin Martyr say about the logos

A

1 He is both God and distinct from God
2 Eternally existant… Philosophers speak well when they contemplate Him
3 the logos was active in the world before the incarnation
4 the logos Christ is in every man - but not a mere instrument of human reason

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12
Q

Origen and irenaeus on the rule of faith and systematic theology

A

Irenaeus: The ultimate standard is the truth from the Apostles handed down by the Church.
Systematics: summaries of concepts taken within the pollen of scripture as sufficient and authoritative. Against unnatural exegesis

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13
Q

What were the basic gnostic beliefs

A

1 God is utterly transcendent… He didn’t even make the universe
2 dualism … Physical matter is evil and we are trapped in it
3 sin is ignorance - believing the Demi-urge is the creator
4 you need the knowledge gnosis to escape
5 escape the flesh through denial (abstinence) or indulgence to prove it doesn’t matter and escape

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14
Q

Reasons to study church history

A 
1 story of the church
2 Gods providential care
3 learn how to do history
There is one meta narrative 
Overcomes problem of selectivity and subjectivity ... Recognise our presuppositions - history has a centre - resurrection of Christ
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15
Q

What was the demiurge (Gnosticism)

A

1 a secondary God
2 the creator of the physical universe that traps us
3 archons rule by universal fate and enslavement

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16
Q

What is anakephalaiosis

A

1 means recapitulation
2 associated with irenaeus
3 Christ did what Adam did not
Trespass at the tree was undone on the tree
4 early biblical theological redemptive historical method

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17
Q

What did Marion say

A

1 heresy refuted by irenaeus
2 believed OT God was separate the demiurge wants to enslave
3 tore out OT passages from the NT
4 consequences … Like restricts the activity of the Son

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18
Q

Who was Paul of Samosata

A

1 lived 200-275
2 bishop of Antioch 260 deposed 268
3 believed Jesus was a man adopted as Gods son
4 so taught the subtle heresy that Jesus was the first christian

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19
Q

What were the presuppositions of Arius

A

Said the Son was a creature of a different essence therefore had a beginning
1 God is wholly transcendent and unitary
2 be getting is making at a certain point in time

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20
Q

What did Nicea say about ‘begotten not made’

A

1 the Son is begotten by the Father, he has his origin in the Father - not s temporal origin
2 therefore eternal generation
3 therefore the son is of one substance (homoousios) with the Father

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21
Q

What was the Apollonarian heresy

A

1 presupposition - two perfect beings cannot become one
2 taught that Jesus had a human body and a divine mind (but heb 2:17)
3 Chalcedon taught that Christ was co substantial with us according to manhood

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22
Q

What is logos-sarx christology

A

1 one person one nature of a third kind a mixture (eutyches)
2 logos gods wisdom forms the soul
3 Jesus is human without a human soul … But how is that human?

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23
Q

What is hypo-static Union

A

1 hypostasis is personal subsistence… Two natures bring wielded by one person
2 two natures, one person
3 natures are not directly joined

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24
Q

What is anhypostasia

A

1 human nature is found in particular human beings
2 human nature of Jesus not linked to a human person independently of the incarnation
3 prevents a species of adoptionism

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25
Q

What is enhypostasia

A

Human nature does not exist outside of the word of Christ personified. Human nature is completely encompassed by the divine hypostasis of the son.

26
Q

What is monothelitism

A

1 heresy after Chalcedon said Jesus had only one will not two
2 will was not just what I want but the way I get it too… Jesus had two wills to uphold two natures
3 vital because Jesus must work in both human and divine natures to save us

27
Q

What is kenosis

A

1 taught Jesus emptied himself when he took on flesh… Giving up divine attributes
2 if not divine in the cross how could he save us

28
Q

What is eutychianism

A

1 taught by eutyches aka Monophysitism
2 Jesus two natures mixed into one third natures
This is logos sarx christology at its most extreme

29
Q

What is nestorianism

A

1 Jesus was two persons and two natures… Divides the two persons, giving only the appearance (prosopon) of union
2 two natures joined by conjunction each with its own hypostasis and prosopon… Jesus is only one at the level of appearance… The mask he wears
3 at the cross Jesus suffers not God

30
Q

What is macedonianism

A

Denied the divinity of the spirit

31
Q

What were Basil’s arguments for the divinity of the spirit

A 
Spirit is
Lord 
Giver of life
Proceeds from the Father
Worshipped
Inspired the prophets
32
Q

Was Constantine a christian?

A

Needing new religious patron vs. Uncertain
Used Labarum not cross vs. Understandable
Coins and Arch are toned down paganism vs. Culture
Kept Pontifex Maximus title vs. Culture
A Lot of Bloodshed vs. not perfect
Death-Bed Baptism vs. but knew cleansing important

33
Q

What impact did constantines conversion have in the church

A 
Protection from persecution
Patronage
Power for the church
Also
Edict of Milan
Sunday a day of rest
Property to the church
34
Q

What was athanasius pneutmatology

A

1 divinity of spirit as one substance with the father
2 spirit associated with Godhead not creation
3 triad, indivisible and therefore consubstantial
4 spirit to son as the son is to the Father
5 spirit makes us partakers with Father

35
Q

What is theotokos

A

1 means “God bearer”
2 title for Mary
3 Chalcedonian christology … Mary is theotokos as regards his manhood

36
Q

What is Chalcedonian christology

A

2 distinct natures
1 person
Hypostatic Union through the person

37
Q

What are the seven key works of the spirit

A 
Regeneration
Illumination
Sealing
Holiness
Adoption
Giving gifts
Sending people out to share in Gods mission
38
Q

What is Manichaeism

A

1 dualism light- spirit dark-matter: two origins
2 the problem is both are mixed in humanity
3 salvation is escape
4 Augustine was manichean to 383 for 9 years as a hearer

39
Q

What does Augustine say in the city of God

A

1 written in response to the fall of Rome 410
2 presents two track view of history with an end in sight
3 contrasts the city of man with the heavenly city of God

40
Q

What was Eremetic monasticism

A

Church got soft fled to the desert escaped the world - desert place of testing & purging of sin.
This was the new martyrdom - dead to the world

41
Q

What was cenobitic monasticism

A

1 communities
2 work and devotion
3 evangelistic
4 central to missionary work and care of poor as spread west - Martin of tours

42
Q

Reasons for the increased power of the pope

A

1 Demise of imperial power n the west
2 Pope crowned western rulers - legitimacy
3 East ruled through the pope in the west when they couldn’t conquer it
4 claiming Matthew 16

43
Q

What was mediaeval scholasticism

A

1 associated with Anselm
2 intensely intellectual task of breaking trinity down into components or essence
3 emphasis on reason
4 tried to take two things contradictory and harmonising them

44
Q

What was the investiture controversy

A

1 between church and state in mediaeval Europe
2 popes challenged monarchs over control of appointments
3 buying of positions from local church leaders
4 not resolved until 1122 concordat of worms

45
Q

Who were the waldensians

A

Founded by Peter waldo
Criticised the power and wealth of the clergy
Forerunner of reformation
Emphasised the authority of scripture and the role of the laity
We’re condemned in 1184

46
Q

Who were the the Albigensians

A

Aka cathars
Gnostic and manichean ideas
Influential in north Italy

47
Q

What was the great schism

A

Mutual excommunication between East and west 1054

Over Filioque clause being included in the creed of Rome 1014

48
Q

What happened at the synod of Whitby

A

664 celtics from North meet with Romans from South
1 monks tonsure - Roman style preferred
2 date of Easter - Celt celebrated at Passover Rome said this was judaizing
Submission to Rome

49
Q

What is the de regnon paradigm

A

The difference between East and Wests understanding of trinity:
East starts with 3
West starts with 1

50
Q

What is Rahners Dictum

A

The economic trinity reveals the immanent trinity

51
Q

What are the boundaries for talking about trinity

A

Deity
Oneness
Difference

52
Q

What is the Simplicity of God

A

1 God cannot be split up into component parts

2 because each of his attributes is related to or qualifies his other attributes

53
Q

What is God’s omniscience

A

a. People tends to think this means ‘knowing all true facts’ … ultimate quiz champion
b. But he knows everything personally – knowledge held in relationship
c. But he knows by creating – not through receiving sense data
i. God knows better in terms of quantity but also in terms of quality
d. He knows everything in one moment of cognition … He knows everything perfectly and what relationship it has on everything else.
e. He knows us better than we know ourselves and nothing can surprise him.
f. Do you know the future… test of deity Is 44… but we are still responsible.

54
Q

What does it mean that God is timeless or eternal

A

a. Short handed often think of as time without end but this is different from God without end… that is he does not experience succession, he is outside of time
i. Boethius complete possession of all at once illimitable life
b. Therefore this means you cannot take from or add from God…

55
Q

What is analogical language

A

1 a necessary linguistic accommodation in scripture to reveal God
2 Correlation and distinction; speech without God is analogy
3 We cannot assume things mean exactly the same as what we understand words to mean

56
Q

What is the creator / creature distinction

A

1 God is uncreated creator and we are created non-creators

2 Sin is confusing these things… assuming or rejecting the rights of the creator

57
Q

What is immutability

A

a. The idea that God does not Change
b. But what are we talking about? Similar stuff to above if we get eternity right
c. God is not subjected to his creation – Aquinas – ‘Actus Purus’
d. No potentiality in God, nothing uncompleted, nothing unperfected
i. Note: NOT immobility
ii. NOT: process theology… part of his nature part of creation and dependent on human co-operation
1. BUT: Turretin … relationships look different when acting on different subject… doesn’t necessarily mean a change in essence.

58
Q

What is impassibility

A

a. God cannot suffer… Why is this important? Does it mean he cannot feel?
b. There is nothing outside that can control Him… he cannot be manipulated.
c. God is impassible does not mean he is impassive.
d. There is a greater response to suffering than simply empathy…
e. The circumstances of the world are not beyond him… he can take on suffering can do something about it. Just asking for a fellow suffer is despairing.

59
Q

What are the problems of adoptionism

A
  1. Denies deity of Jesus
  2. Lose the true incarnation, Jesus is not fully God or fully man
  3. Salvation jeopardised, as not man is not redeemed in every respect
  4. Jesus is the first Christian
  5. Reduces Jesus to example only
60
Q

What are the problems with modalism

A
  1. Denies the personal relationships in the Trinity eg. three separate persons at Jesus’ baptism
  2. Idea of Son or Spirit interceding for us is lost
  3. Loses heart of doctrine of atonement: Father sending Son to bear wrath of Father
  4. Denies difference
  5. Partipassionism
  6. Lose the true incarnation
  7. What you see is not what you get, creates confusion.
  8. Scriptures are not trustworthy
  9. Emphasis on oneness results in destruction of human value (the whole matters)
61
Q

What are the problems with tritheism

A

Denies there is only one God. Three persons and each is fully God. Three gods.

  1. Polytheism like paganism. No devotion to one true God.
  2. No unity.
  3. Denies oneness
  4. Creates rivalry in Trinity
  5. Undermines Scriptural revelation; becomes untrustworthy ME: see “The Lord your God, the Lord is one”
  6. Emphasis on three results in destruction of human value ( the individual matters )
62
Q

What does Richard of St Victor say about the love of God

A
  1. Codifying in a scholastic way Augustine’s teaching on the Trinity
  2. Distinct contribution: took the same care with the Spirit as Augustine did with Father and Son
  3. Delight and happiness require love and holding onto what is loved
  4. Love by nature desires to possess that which is loved
  5. If God is love then he must be supremely satisfied and happy, therefore more than one person in Godhead requires unity
  6. God is more satisfied and happy than anyone
  7. This requires more than one person in the Godhead
  8. The Father gives love, the Son receives and the Holy Spirit gives and receives???

Church History Data (3 decks)

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