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definitions Flashcards

1
Q

absorption

A

the process which water and dissolved solids, liquids, and gases are taken in by the cell though the membrane

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2
Q

accessory organ

A

any organ that has a digestive function, but is not part of the food tube (liver, gallbladder, pancreas)

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3
Q

acid

A

a chemical that releases hydrogen ion in solution with water

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4
Q

acid precipitation

A

interaction between atmospheric moisture and oxides of sulfur and nitrogen that results in rainfall with low pH values

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5
Q

active immunity

A

immunity that develops when the body’s immune system is stimulated by a disease organism or vaccination

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6
Q

active site

A

specific area of an enzyme molecule that links to substrate molecule and catalyzes its metabolism

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7
Q

active transport

A

process which materials are absorbed or releases with cells against the concentration gradient (high to low) with expenditure of cell energy

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8
Q

adaptation

A

structural, biochemical, or behavioral characteristics of an organism that helps it to survive potentially harsh environmental conditions

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9
Q

addition

A

type of chromosome mutation in which a section of chromosome us transferred through homologous chromosome

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10
Q

adenine

A

nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA molecules

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11
Q

adenosine triphosphate

A

(ATP) an organic compound that stores respiratory energy in the form of chemical bond energy for transport from one part of the cell to another

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12
Q

adrenal cortex

A

a portion of the adrenal gland that secrets steroid hormones which regulate various aspects of blood composition

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13
Q

adrenal gland

A

an endocrine gland that prides several hormones including adrenaline

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14
Q

asexual reproduction

A

type of reproduction which new organisms are formed from a single parent organism

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15
Q

asthma

A

a disorder of the human respiratory system in which the respiratory tube becomes restricted with swelling brought on by some irritant

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16
Q

atrium

A

one of the two thin walled upper chambers of the heart that recieves blood

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17
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

subdivision of the peripheral nervous system consisting of nerves associated with autonomy functions

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18
Q

autosome

A

one of several chromosome present in the cell that carry genes controlling body traits not associated with primary and secondary characteristics

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19
Q

autotroph

A

an organism capable of carrying on autotrophic nutrition, self feeder

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20
Q

autotrophic nutrition

A

type of nutrition in which organisms manufacture heir own organic foods from inorganic raw materials

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21
Q

auxin

A

a biochemical substance, plant hormone, produced by plants that regulated growth patterns

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22
Q

axon

A

portion of neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body of the neuron

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23
Q

base

A

chemical that releases hydroxyl in solution with water

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24
Q

bicarbonate ion

A

chemical formed in the blood plasma when carbon dioxide is absorbed by body tissue

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25
Q

bile

A

secretion of the liver that is stored u. The gallbladder that emulsifies fats

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26
Q

binary fission

A

type of cell division in which mitosis is followed by equal cytoplasmic division

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27
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

system of naming, used in biological classification that consists of the genus and species name (Homo sapiens)

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28
Q

biocide use

A

the use of pesticides that eliminate one undesirable organism, but that have unanticipated effects on beneficial species as well

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29
Q

biological control

A

the use of natural enemies of various agricultural pests for pest control, thereby eliminating the need for biocide use- s positive aspect of human involvement with the environment

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30
Q

biomass

A

total mass of living material present at various trophic levels in a food chain

31
Q

biome

A

geographical grouping of similar ecosystems, usually named for the climax flora in the region

32
Q

biosphere

A

portion of the earth in which living things exist, including all land and water environments

33
Q

bitoic factor

A

any of several conditions associated with life and living things that effect the survival of living things in the environment

34
Q

birth

A

in placenta, mamma,s, a stage of embryonic development in which the baby passes through the vaginal canal to the outside the mothers body

35
Q

blastula

A

a stage of embryonic development in which the embryo resembles a hollow ball of undifferentiated cells

36
Q

blood

A

complex fluid tissue that functions to transport nutrients and respiratory gases to all parts of the body

37
Q

blood typing

A

application of the study of immunity in which the blood of a person is characterized by its antigen composition

38
Q

bone

A

tissue that prices mechanical support and protection of bodily organs and levers for the body’s locomotive activities

39
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

cup shaped proton of the nephron responsible for the filtration of soluble blood components

40
Q

brain

A

organic the central nervous system that is responsible for regulating conscious and unconscious activity in the body

41
Q

breathing

A

mechanical process by which sit is forced in the lungs by means of muscular contraction of the diaphragm and rib muscles

42
Q

bronchioles

A

one of the serval subdivisions of the bronchi that penetrate the lung interior and terminate in alveoli

43
Q

bronchitis

A

a disorder of the human respiratory system in which the bronchi becomes inflamed

44
Q

bronchus

A

one of the two major subdivisions of the breathing tube; the bronchi ate ringed with cartilage and conduct air from the trachea to the lung interior

45
Q

Bryophyta

A

phylum of the plant kingdom that consists of organisms that lack vascular tissue

46
Q

budding

A

a type of asexual reproduction in which mitosis is followed by unequal cytoplasmic division

47
Q

bulb

A

type of vegetative propagation on which a plant bulb produces new bulbs that may be established as independent organisms with identical characteristics

48
Q

cambium

A

lateral meristem tissue in woody plants responsible for annual growth in stem diameter

49
Q

cancer

A

any of a number of conditions characterized by rapid, abnormal, and uncontrolled division of affected cells

50
Q

capillary

A

very small thin walled blood vessel that connects an artery to a vein and through which all absorption into the blood fluid occurs

51
Q

carbohydrate

A

organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

52
Q

carbon 14

A

radioactive isotope of carbon used to trace the movement of carbon in. Arduous biochemical reactions and also used in the carbon dating of fossils

53
Q

abiotic factor

A

Any of several non living, physical conditions that effect the survival of an organism in its environment

54
Q

carbon fixation reactions

A

set of biochemical reactions in photosynthesis in which hydrogen atoms are combined with carbon and oxygen atoms form PGAL and glucose

55
Q

carbon-hydrogen-oxygen cycle

A

process by which these three elements are made available for use by other organisms through chemical reactions of respiration and photosynthesis

56
Q

carboxyl group

A

chemical group having the formula- COOH and found as part of all amino acids and fatty acid molecule

57
Q

cardiac muscles

A

muscle tissue in the heart and arteries that is associated with rhythmic nature of the pulse and heartbeat

58
Q

cardiovascular disease

A

any disarms of the circulatory organs

59
Q

carnivore

A

heterotrophic organism that consumes animal tissue as its primary source of nutrition

60
Q

carrier

A

an individual who, though not expressing a particular recessive trait, carries this gene as part of his or her heterozygous genotype

61
Q

carrier protein

A

specialized molecule embedded in the cell membrane that aids the movement of materials across the membrane

62
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue found in many flexible parts of the body, common in embryonic stages of development

63
Q

catalyst

A

any substance that speeds up or slows down the rate of chemical reaction

64
Q

cell plate

A

structure that forms during cytoplasmic division in plant cells and serves to desperate the cytoplasm into two roughly equal parts

65
Q

cell theory

A

a scientific theory that states, “all cells arise from previously existing cells” and “cells are the unit of structure and function of living things”

66
Q

cell wall

A

cell organelle that surrounds and gives structural in plant cells; composed of cellulose

67
Q

central nervous system

A

portion of vertebrae nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord

68
Q

centriole

A

cell organelle found in animal cells that functions in the process of cell division

69
Q

centromere

A

area of attachment of two chromosomes chromatids in double stranded chromosome

70
Q

cerebellum

A

portion of the human brain responsible for e coordination of muscular activity

71
Q

cerebral hemorrhage

A

disorder of the human regulatory system in which a broken blood vessel in brain may result in severe dysfunction or death

72
Q

cerebral palsy

A

disorder of the human regulatory system in Whig the motor and speech centers of the brain are impaired

73
Q

cerebrum

A

portion of the human regulatory system responsible for thought, reasoning, dense interpretation, learning, and other conscious activities

test prep (2 decks)

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