Definitions

Question 1

Define the term first ionization energy of an atom [2]

Answer 1

energy needed to remove one electron from the highest energy level [1] in the gaseous state [1]

Question 2

Define the term electronegativity [2]

Answer 2

a relative measure of an atom’s attraction to an electron[1] within a covalent bond [2]

Question 3

Define the term isotope [1]

Answer 3

atoms of the same element/with the same atomic number, but different atomic mass number/number of neutrons

Question 4

Define the term average bond enthalpy [2]

Answer 4

the amount of energy needed to break one mole of covalent bonds in the gaseous state [1] from a range of different compounds [1]

Question 5

Define the term rate of chemical reaction [1]

Answer 5

increase of the concentration of product per time or decrease of concentration of reactant per time

Question 6

Define the term activation energy [1]

Answer 6

minimum energy required by particles for a reaction to occur

Question 7

Define the terms acid and base according to Broensted-Lowry [1]

Answer 7

acid is proton donor, base is proton acceptor

Question 8

Define the term acid in terms of the Lewis theory [1]

Answer 8

a Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor

Question 9

Define the term base in terms of the Lewis theory [1]

Answer 9

a Lewis base is an electron pair donor

Question 10

Define the term weak acid [1]

Answer 10

acid which is only partially ionized, partially dissociated

Question 11

Define oxidation in terms of oxidation number

Answer 11

an increase in oxidation number

Question 12

Define oxidation in terms of electron transfer

Answer 12

oxidation is loss of electrons