Definitions Flashcards
What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon with single bonds only
What are hydrocarbons?
Organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon containing carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds
What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains
What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure
What is a functional group?
The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions
What is a homologous series?
A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
What is an alkane?
The homologous series with the general formula: CnH(2n+2)
What is nomenclature?
A system of naming compounds
What is an alkyl group?
An alkane with a hydrogen atom removed, e.g. CH3, C2H5; any alkyl group is often shown as ‘R’
What is the formula and suffix of aldehyde?
Formula: CHO (O=C-H)
Suffix: -al
What is the formula and suffix of a ketone?
Formula: C-CO-C
Suffix: -one
What is a general formula?
The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous. For example, alkanes: CnH2n+2
What is a displayed formula?
A formula that shows the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them
What is a structural formula?
A formula that shows the minimal detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
