Definitions Flashcards
(184 cards)
0
Q
What is the definition of accommodation?
A
An inclusive approach that allows religious or ethnic groups to maintain their distinctive cultures within mainstream society.
1
Q
What is the definition of absolutism?
A
A political system in which power and the right to rule belong exclusively to the social elite.
2
Q
What is the definition of acculturation?
A
Change as a result of contact with other cultural groups.
3
Q
What is the definition of anti-globalization?
A
The perspective of individuals and groups opposed to global trade agreements and their negative consequences for people in less developed countries, for the environment, and for peace.
4
Q
What is the definition of apartheid?
A
A policy of the South African Government from 1948 to 1990 that denied rights to non-white citizens.
5
Q
What is the definition of arable land?
A
Land that is good for farming.
6
Q
What is the definition of agribusiness?
A
Large-scale agriculture businesses, such as factory farms or feedlots.
7
Q
What is the definition of aboriginal multimedia society (AMMSA)?
A
Canadian-based aboriginal communication society that uses Internet, radio, and print media to promote aboriginal cultures.
8
Q
What is the definition of aboriginal peoples television network (APTN)?
A
Aboriginal Canadian television network that produces programming by and for aboriginal peoples.
9
Q
What is the definition of arbitrary detention?
A
Depriving an individual of liberty without just cause.
10
Q
What is the definition of assembly of First Nations (AFN)?
A
The national representative organization of the first nations in Canada.
11
Q
What is the definition of assimilation?
A
The absorption of a minority group by a dominant group.
12
Q
What is the definition of austerity programs?
A
Economic programs that aim to reduce government debt by increasing taxes and cutting social programs.
13
Q
What is the definition of bias?
A
And inclination that makes it hard to judge fairly.
14
Q
What is the definition of biodegradable?
A
Capable of being decomposed by bacteria, thus reducing environmental pollution.
15
Q
What is the definition of boycott?
A
A consumer’s refusal to purchase goods or services from a company because of disagreement with its corporate policies.
16
Q
What is the definition of Brettonwoods agreement?
A
An agreement forged after the second world war in Brettonwoods New Hampshire, by 44 countries to establish a system of rules, institutions, and procedures for the postwar global economy.
17
Q
What is the definition of Canadian audiovisual certification office (CAVCO)?
A
The agency that judges Canadian content in Canada’s broadcasting industry.
18
Q
What is the definition of Canadian broadcasting Corporation (CBC)?
A
Canada’s national Anglophone public broadcaster of television and radio programming.
19
Q
What is the definition of Canadian content (CanCon)?
A
The amount of Canadian participation in Canada’s broadcasting industry in areas such as direction, writing, performance, cinematography, music composition, and so on.
20
Q
What is the definition of Canadian international development agency (CIDA)?
A
Government agency responsible for administering foreign aid programs in less developed countries.
21
Q
What is the definition of Canadian radio and television commission (CRTC)?
A
The public authority that regulates and promotes Canadian culture in the broad cast media.
22
Q
What is the definition of Canadien(ne)?
A
Francophones living in North America. In use mid-17th century until the early 20th century as an expression of national identity.
23
Q
What is the definition of capital intensive production?
A
Manufacturing in which most work is done by machinery.
24
What is the definition of capitalism?
An economic system for increasing individual wealth requiring a relatively free market, open competition, the profit motive, and at least some private ownership of the means of production.
25
What is the definition of cartel?
A group of individuals or companies who combine forces to control the supply and pricing of a good or service.
26
What is the definition of cartelize?
To combine forces for the purpose of controlling the supply and pricing of a good or service.
27
What is the definition of a centrally planned economic system?
A system under which government planners decide what goods to produce and how many.
28
What is the definition of civil rights?
The right to freedom of opinion and expression.
29
What is the definition of the Cold War?
A global economic and political competition, from 1946 to 1989, that divided the communist countries, led by the Soviet Union, against the Western capitalist democracies, led by the United States.
30
What is the definition of collective rights?
The combination of beliefs, values, view of history, and language of a people.
31
What is the definition of a colony?
A territory that belonged to a European country, was ruled by the European government or its representatives, and was completely subject to that European country.
32
What is the definition of common market?
An agreement between or among countries that include the free trade of goods and services and the free movement of capital and labor within the trading bloc.
33
What is the definition of communism?
A planned economic system in which government owns all means of production and all people work for government owned and government run enterprises.
34
What is the definition of comparative advantage?
A country's ability to produce a product or service with comparatively fewer resources that another country.
35
What is the definition of conservation plans?
Strategies to protect and preserve resources.
36
What is the definition of convention on the rights of the child?
1990 international legislation outlining children's rights, which recognizes that all children have the right to grow up in a family environment in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding, and in the spirit of peace, dignity, tolerance, freedom, equality, and solidarity.
37
What is the definition of cooperatives?
Businesses owned jointly by their members, who share the profits equally.
38
What is the definition of cosmopolitan?
Reflecting many diverse cultures; worldly, sophisticated.
39
What is the definition of cottage industries?
And early-stage of economic development in which workers produce a limited numbers of good in their home.
40
What is the definition of criterion?
A measure by which to judge something or make a decision.
41
What is the definition of Crown corporations?
Government owned companies in Canada.
42
What is the definition of cultural contacts?
The interaction of diverse cultures and perspectives which may result in changes in values, beliefs, and traditions.
43
What is the definition of cultural revitalization?
A process through which unique cultures regain a sense of identity such as through promoting heritage languages or reviving traditions and customs.
44
What is the definition of cultural rights?
The right to participate in the cultural life of a community, including at arts and sciences, and the right to speak your first language.
45
What is the definition of deforestation?
The destruction of forest by clearing or burning as a result of economic development, such as building roads or conversion to crop land, or through changes in earths vegetation due to global warming.
46
What is the definition of democracy?
A political system in which the law applies equally to all people; that holds free, fair, and frequent elections of candidates from at least two parties, house in an independent court system; and permits the press and other media to function free of government control.
47
What is the definition of demographics?
Facts and figures related to populations, for example, the number of males and females who live in an area.
48
What is the definition of depopulation?
The reduction of a population because of conflict, disease, loss of resources, cultural change, or assimilation.
49
What is the definition of deregulation?
Opening and industry two more competition by removing government regulations.
50
What is the definition of desalination?
Removal of salt from seawater, converting it to freshwater.
51
What is the definition of desertification?
The spreading of deserts as a result of poor agricultural practices, droughts, and climate change due to global warming.
52
What is the definition of direct business model?
I sale system that bypasses retail stores and sells its products directly to customers.
53
What is the definition of disaggregated?
Divided into parts, as, for example, the first nations were divided from one another by the Indian act.
54
What is the definition of disparity?
Economic and social gaps among individuals, communities, or countries.
55
What is the definition of displacement?
The involuntary dispersal of the people, especially from their homeland.
56
What is the definition of dissenting?
Different from the majority, as, for example, an opinion.
57
What is the definition of economic?
The dimension of life that concerns the production and exchange of goods, services, money, and resources.
58
What is the definition of economic nationalism?
Concern about the impact of foreign investment on a country's economic independence and identity.
59
What is the definition of economic rights?
The right to fair wages and safe working conditions.
60
What is the definition of employment equity?
The principle of equal pay for equal work, or for work of equal value.
61
What is the definition of empowerment?
Increasing the political, social, or economic strength of individuals or groups.
62
What is the definition of entrepreneurs?
People who take risks by launching business ventures in the hope of making a profit.
63
What is the definition of equality rights?
The right to be free from discrimination.
64
What is the definition of equalization payments?
Tax money collected from all provinces by the federal government and then dispensed to distribute wealth more equally through Canada.
65
What is the definition of Eurocentrism?
The belief that the European world view is superior to all others.
66
What is the definition of European Union?
The world's largest and most powerful common market, which worked to develop common foreign and security policies and to address other issues such as citizens rights, job creation, regional development, and environmental protection.
67
What is the definition of exchange rate?
The price at which one national currency can be purchased for another.
68
What is the definition of exploitation?
The use of a person or group for selfish purposes.
69
What is the definition of first language?
The first language a person learns as a child.
70
What is the definition of First Nations policing policy?
Policy put into effect by the Canadian government in June 1991, to improve the relationship between aboriginal people and police by promoting safe and secure communities and providing first Nations people across Canada with professional, effective, culturally appropriate police services that are accountable to the communities they serve.
71
What is the definition of fixed exchange rate?
The value of a country's currency as set by its government.
72
What is the definition of floating exchange rates?
Currency rates that are not fixed by government but instead find their own value on the foreign exchange market.
73
What is the definition of foreign direct investment?
Investment in a country made by a foreign company.
74
What is the definition of free-market?
A market in which government would regulate nothing in all businesses and property would be privately owned.
75
What is the definition of free-market economy?
A system in which government does not intervene in the production and control of goods and services.
76
What is the definition of free trade agreement?
1989 economic treaty between Canada and the United States that sought to promote trade by reducing tariffs and other barriers between the two countries.
77
What is the definition of GDP index?
A measure of a country's gross domestic product per capita, one of the criteria for the UN human development Index.
78
What is the definition of general agreement on tariffs and trade (GAAT)?
And international agreement between 1947 and 1995 that aimed to reduce trade barriers among member countries.
79
What is the definition of genetic modification?
Technology that allows genes from one species to be introduced into another to produce a hardier or higher-yielding strain.
80
What is the definition of genocide?
And act committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
81
What is the definition of Genuine process indicator?
A measure of sustainable prosperity that takes into account the value of non-economic positive factors such as volunteering in education, and negative factors such as pollution and crime.
82
What is the definition of global village?
The idea, popularized by Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s, that the entire world and its inhabitants are becoming one large community interconnected by technology, particularly television.
83
What is the definition of globalization?
The process that is making the worlds citizens increasingly interdependent economically, socially, politically, environmentally, and technologically
84
What is the definition of gold standard?
A provision of the Brettonwoods agreement that all printed money such as paper dollar, would be convertible to gold and would be cashed in any time for that gold.
85
What is the definition of green revolution?
A period during the 1960s and 1970s when many traditional farming practices were replaced by technologies that created increased agricultural production in countries around the world.
86
What is the definition of gross domestic product?
The total value of goods and services produced in a country in a calendar year.
87
What is the definition of gross domestic product per capita?
The value in US dollars of all goods produced and services provided in a country's economy in one year, divided by the countries average population for the same year.
88
What is the definition of G8?
An informal group of the eight major industrial democracies that meets at annual summits to discuss economic and foreign policy's.
89
What is the definition of homogenization?
A trend toward uniformity, as with world popular culture as a result of globalization.
90
What is the definition of human capital?
The knowledge, skills, and talents that workers have.
91
What is the definition of human development Index?
The United Nations measure of a countries level of development based on GDP per capita, life expectancy at birth, adult literacy, and school enrollment.
92
What is the definition of hybridization?
The blending of media and communications technologies resulting in new modes of expression and cross-cultural consumption.
93
What is the definition of imperialism?
An association between peoples that intentionally believes one people over another, often by laying claim to territories inhabited by indigenous or non-indigenous peoples, seizing land and resources through conflict and warfare, and imposing political control.
94
What is the definition of indigenous television network?
Taiwanese television network, modeled after Canada's APTM, that produces programming by and for Taiwan's indigenous people.
95
What is the definition of individual identity?
The traits that make up a person sense of individuality.
96
What is the definition of industrialization?
A stage of economic development that occurs when the place of production shifts from the home and small craft shops to large factories.
97
What is the definition of the Industrial Revolution?
The combination of social and economic changes brought about by the extensive use of machinery in production, especially in Great Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries.
98
What is the definition of inflation?
A situation in which the amount of currency in circulation increases yet each unit of currency buys less.
99
What is the definition of infrastructure?
Systems such as electrical power, transportation, and communication that support economic activity.
100
What is the definition of initiative?
An action or project, especially one intended to benefit the group or society generally.
101
What is the definition of integration?
The incorporation of diverse minority groups into mainstream society.
102
What is the definition of inter-agency network on women and gender equality?
A United Nations agency that has identified several areas of concern for women globally, including violence, poverty, education and training, health, armed conflict, and women in power and decision-making.
103
What is the definition of intermarriage?
Marriage between individuals from different cultural, ethnic, or religious groups.
104
What is the definition of Intermodal transportation?
A system in which several types of transportation are used to move rate, especially when the starting point and the destination are far apart.
105
What is the definition of international monetary fund?
International agency that works with the World Bank to bring stability to international monetary affairs and to help expand world trade.
106
What is the definition of the international monetary system?
A global network of institutions established by the Brettonwoods agreement to promote international trade and the regulation of currency among western countries.
107
What is the definition of international money markets?
Markets in which funds loaned for a short time to business or government are bought and sold, for example, short-term bonds and certificates of deposit.
108
What is the definition of international trade?
The interchange of raw materials and manufactured goods among distant groups of people.
109
What is the definition of internationalism?
The policy of countries working together for the common good regardless of race, religion, nationality, and so on.
110
What is the definition of Junta?
A dictatorship in which the military has overthrown a civil government.
111
What is the definition of kleptocracy?
A government so corrupt that no pretense of honesty remains.
112
What is the definition of knowledge economy?
The use of knowledge to produce economic benefits.
113
What is the definition of knowledge index?
A measure of a country's adult literacy rate combined with school enrollment rates, one of the criteria for the UN human development Index.
114
What is the definition of Kyoto protocol?
International agreement that came into force on February 16, 2005, intended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as a means to combat climate change.
115
What is the definition of labor intensive production?
Manufacturing in which most work is done by hand.
116
What is the definition of language?
A method of human communication, either spoken or written, in which words are combined in an agreed way.
117
What is the definition of life expectancy index?
A measure of people's life expectancy at birth, one of the criteria for the UN human development Index.
118
What is the definition of mandate?
Authority based on mutual agreement or support.
119
What is the definition of marginalization?
The pushing of a group to the margins of society, where they hold little social, political, or economic power.
120
What is the definition of media consolidation?
Mergers of media transnationals that result in the concentration of ownership.
121
What is the definition of media transnational?
A mass media corporation that produces television programs, films, music, books and so on in two or more countries.
122
What is the definition of megacities?
Urban centers with populations over 10 million.
123
What is the definition of mercantilism?
From the 16th to the 19th centuries, a system of government-sponsored international business ventures designed to make European monarchs rich.
124
What is the definition of metropolises?
Very large cities.
125
What is the definition of minority group?
An ethnic, linguistic, or religious group whose numbers are small compared with those of the dominant culture.
126
What is the definition of minority language?
A language spoken by a minority of people in a country.
127
What is the definition of mission civilatrice?
A policy of the French monarchy in the 16th and 17th centuries to establish a Roman Catholicism and French culture among first Nations peoples in new France.
128
What is the definition of monoculture?
The uniform global popular culture that results from globalization.
129
What is the definition of mutual fund?
A company that combines its clients money and invests it in a collection of stocks, bonds, and other securities.
130
What is the definition of national energy policy?
1980 federal policy under which the government made oil companies in Alberta lower oil prices throughout Canada to protect Canadians from paying global market prices for oil and gas.
131
What is the definition of nationalize?
The taking over of ownership by government from private business.
132
What is the definition of a native women's association of Canada?
Group founded in 1974 to enhance, promote, and foster the social, economic, cultural, and political well-being of first Nations and métis women within first nation and Canadian societies.
133
What is the definition of North American Free Trade Agreement?
1994 Treaty among Canada, the United States, and Mexico to improve trade by removing tariffs and other economic barriers.
134
What is the definition of official bilingualism?
An official government policy under which a country or province recognizes two official languages, for example, English and French in Canada.
135
What is the definition of organization for economic cooperation and development?
International organization that works to meet the challenges of globalization, helping government achieve sustainable economic growth while maintaining financial stability.
136
What is the definition of outsourcing?
The hiring of one company by another to fulfill certain tasks in production.
137
What is the definition of pandemic?
A worldwide epidemic.
138
What is the definition of paternalistic?
Characterized by treating or governing people in a fatherly way, especially by providing for them without giving them rights and responsibilities.
139
What is the definition of perspective?
A people's worldview, one that has developed from its collective experience.
140
What is the definition of plebiscite?
A direct vote in which the entire electorate can vote to express the will of the people; a nonbinding referendum.
141
What is the definition of pluralistic society?
A society in which a diversity of languages, beliefs, traditions, values, religions and other aspects of culture are embedded as part of the foundations of the country; society that respects and values the individual and collective opinions and identities of all people.
142
What is the definition of point of view?
An individuals opinion about a matter, based on his or her personal experience.
143
What is the definition of political?
The dimension of life that concerns governments interactions with individuals, groups, and other governments.
144
What is the definition of political rights?
The right to vote and to participate in government.
145
What is the definition of political will?
The determination among political leaders to accomplish a goal.
146
What is the definition of privatization?
The sale of government owned industries and services to private businesses.
147
What is the definition of privatize?
To enable the sale of government owned industries and services to private businesses.
148
What is the definition of protectorate?
An area that maintained its own sovereignty but was guided by a European country.
149
What is the definition of public trust?
And essential, life supporting resource for the benefit of everyone that should not be exploited for profit.
150
What is the definition of quality-of-life?
The conditions in peoples lives.
151
What is the definition of quotas?
Proportional shares, such as those paid by member countries of the international monetary fund.
152
What is the definition of ratify?
To formally pass and agreement or treaty into law.
153
What is the definition of recession?
A period of reduced economic activity lasting longer than two business quarters.
154
What is the definition of redress?
An action intended to right past wrongs.
155
What is the definition of referendum?
A binding vote in which the entire electorate votes to except or reject a proposal.
156
What is the definition of residential schools?
Boarding schools for the acculturation and assimilation of aboriginal students, run by religious groups or government from the 1830s to the 1950s.
157
What is the definition of retail operations?
Businesses that sell goods and services to the public.
158
What is the definition of a rhetorical question?
The question who's answers are obvious to the reader, used for emphasis and persuasive writing.
159
What is the definition of secularism?
The complete separation between matters of state and religion.
160
What is the definition of social?
The dimension of life that concerns societal and cultural institutions, such as individual family, and community interactions, mass media, arts and entertainment, and trend in popular ideas and tastes.
161
What is the definition of social rights?
The right to education and adequate healthcare.
162
What is the definition of socially responsible investing?
An approach that considers social, environmental, and ethical criteria and choosing investments.
163
What is the definition of société radio-Canada?
Canada's national Anglophone public broadcaster of television and radio programming.
164
What is the definition of society?
A group of people who form an ordered community centered on kinship, and ideology, a religion, or a particular worldview.
165
What is the definition of sphere of influence?
And economic agreement in which a European country owned exclusive trade and investment right in the region of Americas, Asia, or Africa.
166
What is the definition of spirituality?
Consideration of matters beyond the purely material.
167
What is the definition of stakeholders?
People or groups that are affected by an issue and have something to gain or lose from it.
168
What is the definition of standard of living?
A common measure of the quantity and quality of goods and services to which people have access to.
169
What is the definition of stewardship?
The obligation to maintain resources in a sustainable manner.
170
What is the definition of subsidiaries?
Companies controlled by a parent company.
171
What is the definition of subsidies?
Financial help given by government to help support and industry.
172
What is the definition of SWOT analysis?
A tool that helps analyze situations and aids in the decision-making, based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
173
What is the definition of tariff?
A tax imposed on imports to increase their price and thus reduce competition with domestic products.
174
What is the definition of totalitarian?
A political system under which individuals are totally subordinate to the decisions of the state.
175
What is the definition of traditions?
The customs of a family or culture.
176
What is the definition of transnationals?
Corporations that operate in two or more countries; also, people who are citizens of more than one country.
177
What is the definition of transnationalism?
The creation of political, social, cultural, and links between geographic locations around the world.
178
What is the definition of unionized?
And industry or business in which employees have formed a union to negotiate on their behalf with management in such matters as pay, working conditions, hours, and benefits.
179
What is the definition of Universal declaration of human rights?
The basis of the UN policy since 1948 that defines the human rights to which every person on the globe is equally entitled.
180
What is the definition of universalization of popular culture?
The production by media transnationals of the majority of television programs, films, magazines and so on that are consumed by a vast world audience.
181
What is the definition of urbanization?
The growth of towns and cities, as people migrate from rural areas in search of work and other opportunities.
182
What is the definition of World Bank?
An agency of the United Nations that in practice is interdependent and controlled by it's 184 member countries, which provides loans to less developed world countries that are in financial difficulty.
183
What is the definition of World Trade Organization?
International organization founded in 1995 that works toimprove trade relations among the world countries, especially by removing tariffs and other barriers to trade.
