Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mader BIO 101 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell

A

The basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tissue

A

Multicellular organisms, similar cells, combine to form a tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Organ

A

A group of tissues combine to form organs for a specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organ system

A

A group of organs working together as a whole for a specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organism

A

A complete living thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Population

A

Organisms of the same species in a particular area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Community

A

Interacting populations in a particular area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community plus the physical environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Biosphere

A

Regions of the earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living things. The entire world!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypothesis

A

An educated guess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Theory

A

Concepts that join together well-supported and related hypotheses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Proton

A

Positive particle:: In the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charge particle:: In the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neutron

A

Uncharged particle :: move in orbitals AROUND the nucleus in an electron shell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Molecule

A

Electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Compound

A

Pure chemical substance consisting of two or more chemical substances that can be combined into smaller substances to create chemical bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acid

A

releasing hydrogen (H+) ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bases

A

take up hydrogen ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Polymer

A

Largest of the biomolecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Monomers

A

Subunits of polymer
Examples: amino acids (monomers) are linked to form a protein (polymer);
Example: many nucleotides (monomers) are linked to form a nucleic acid (polymer).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Peptide bond

A

synthesized when the carboxyl group of one amino acid molecule reacts with the amino group of the other amino acid molecule, causing the release of a molecule of water (H2O), hence the process is a dehydration synthesis reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

a network of fibers composed of proteins contained within a cell’s cytoplasm.
Ex: actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Turgor pressure

A

Swelling of a plant cell in hypotonic solution

Helps plant maintain erect position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Crenation

A

Red blood cells that have shrunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Shrinking of the cytoplasm due to osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Active site

A

a small port in an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Induced fit model

A

only the proper substrate is capable of inducing the proper alignment of the active site that will enable the enzyme to perform its catalytic function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Thylakoid

A

is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria

31
Q

Stroma

A

Supportive framework of an organ

32
Q

Photosystem

A

Pigment complex (Chl A, Chl B & Carotenoids) and electron acceptor molecules within the thylakoid membrane

33
Q

Chlorophyll a

A

used in oxygenic photosynthesis. It absorbs most energy from wavelengths of violet-blue and orange-red light.

34
Q

Chlorophyll b

A

accessory pigment and acts indirectly in photosynthesis by transferring the light it absorbs to chlorophyll a.

35
Q

Photolysis

A

chemical process by which molecules are broken down into smaller units through the absorption of light

36
Q

Deamination

A

removal of an amine group from a molecule.

AMMONIA produced by deamination of AMINO acids.

37
Q

Nucleotide

A

Structural components or building blocks of DNA

Nitrogenous base-pairing

38
Q

Helicase

A

an enzyme that unwinds and separates the two strands of the DNA double helix.

39
Q

DNA polymerase

A

enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.

40
Q

Ribosome

A

Site in a molecule that synthesizes protein

41
Q

Codon

A

a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis

42
Q

Anticodon

A

a unit made up of three nucleotides that correspond to the three bases of the codon on the mRNA.

43
Q

Promotor

A

A promoter is a region of DNA which defines the start of the gene, the direction of transcription, and the strand to be transcribed.

44
Q

Start codon

A

site at which translation into protein sequence starts

45
Q

Stop codon

A

site at which translation into protein sequence stops

46
Q

G1

A

first growth period of the cell cycle

47
Q

S

A

DNA synthesizes

48
Q

Haploid

A

number of chromosomes in a gamete

49
Q

Diploid

A

two complete sets of chromosomes. ALL SOMATIC CELLS

50
Q

Inversion

A

occur when a chromosome breaks in two places and the resulting piece of DNA is reversed and re-inserted into the chromosome

51
Q

Deletion

A

loss or absence of a section from a nucleic acid molecule or chromosome

52
Q

Duplication

A

a DNA segment in a chromosome that is a copy of another segment

53
Q

Translocation

A

chromosome alteration in which a whole chromosome or segment of a chromosome becomes attached to or interchanged with another whole chromosome

54
Q

Gamete

A

Sperm or Egg

55
Q

Zygote

A

initial cell formed when two gamete cells are joined by means of sexual reproduction. FETUS

56
Q

Plasmids

A

a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. BACTERIA

57
Q

Vector

A

an organism that does not cause disease itself but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another

58
Q

Gel electrophoresis

A

a method for separation and analysis of macromolecules and their fragments, based on their size and charge.
Used in DNA sequencing

59
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over the other allele

60
Q

Codominance

A

a relationship between two versions of a gene

61
Q

Pleiotropy

A

occurs when one gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits, an example being phenylketonuria

62
Q

Multiple Alleles

A

a type of non-Mendelian inheritance pattern that involves more than just the typical two alleles that usually code for a certain characteristic

63
Q

Polygenic inheritance

A

occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes

64
Q

Dominate allele

A

produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

65
Q

Recessive allele

A

An allele whose phenotypic effect is not expressed in a heterozygote

66
Q

Homozygous

A

having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics

67
Q

Heterozygous

A

having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic

68
Q

Genotype

A

genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual usually with reference to a specific characteristic under consideration

69
Q

Phenotype

A

composite of an organism’s observable characteristics or traits

70
Q

Epistasis

A

phenomenon that consists of the effect of one gene being dependent on the presence of one or more ‘modifier genes’

71
Q

Homologous structure

A

an example of an organ or bone that appears in different animals

72
Q

Analogous Structure

A

similarity of function and superficial resemblance of structures that have different origins

73
Q

Vestigial structure

A

organs that performed some important function in the organism at one point in the past.
Human Example: Appendix

74
Q

Brian Irby

A

The most amazing boyfriend in the whole wide world, and the object of my every thought and desire.

Mader BIO 101 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions