Definitions

Question 0

Theory

Answer 0

A set of related assumptions that allows scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypoyhesis.

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

A grouping of traits and characteristics that gives a person consistency.

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

An educated guess or prediction specific enough for its validity to be tested through the use of scientific method.

Question 3

Unconscious (Freud)

Answer 3

Repressed memories

Question 4

Preconscious (Freud)

Answer 4

Contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious quite readily or with some difficulty.

Question 5

Conscious (Freud)

Answer 5

Those mental elements in awareness at any given point in time.

Question 6

Phylogenetic Endowment

Answer 6

These are inherited tendencies passed down from ancestral past.

Question 7

ID (Freud)

Answer 7

Not in contact with reality operates on the pleasure principle- sole function is to seek pleasure.

Question 8

Ego (Freud)

Answer 8

In contact with reality. It is governed by the reality principle serves as the meditator and administrator over the id and superego. Exists in Id and superego.

Question 9

Superego (Freud)

Answer 9

Not in contact with reality guided by the moralistic and idealistic principle - striving blindly to perfection.

Question 10

Repression (Freud)

Answer 10

The forcing of unwanted, anxiety-laden experiences into the unconscious as a defense against the pain of that anxiety.

Question 11

Reaction Formation

Answer 11

A defense mechanism in which a person represses one impulse and adopts the exact opposite form of behavior, which ordinarily is exaggerated and ostentatious ( to impress other or attract attention).

Question 12

Displacement

Answer 12

A defense mechanism in which unwanted urges are redirected onto other objects or people in order to disguise the original impulse.

Question 13

Fixation

Answer 13

A defense mechanism that arises when psychic energy is blocked at one stage of development, thus making change or psychosocial growth difficult.

Question 14

Regression

Answer 14

A person returns to an earlier stage in order to protect the ego against anxiety.

Question 15

Projection

Answer 15

The ego reduces anxiety by attributing an unwanted impulse to another person.

Question 16

Introjection

Answer 16

People incorporate positive qualities of another person into their ego.

Question 17

Sublimation

Answer 17

This involves the repression of the genital aim of Eros and its substitution by a cultural or social aim.

Question 18

Epigenetic Principles

Answer 18

Each stage of development builds on the foundation that was proceeding that stage.

Question 19

Ego (Erikson)

Answer 19

A person’s ability to unify experiences and actions in an adaptive manner.

Question 20

Conscious (Jung)

Answer 20

Conscious images are those that are sensed by the ego, whereas unconscious elements have no relationship with the ego.

Question 21

Personal Unconscious (Jung)

Answer 21

Embraces all repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences of one particular individual.

Question 22

Collective Unconscious (Jung)

Answer 22

Has roots in the ancestral past of the entire species.

Question 23

Archetypes

Answer 23

Are ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective unconscious.

Question 24

Persona

Answer 24

The side of personality that people show to the world is designated as the persona.

Question 25

Shadow

Answer 25

The archetype of darkness and repression, represents those qualities we do not wish to acknowledge but attempt to hide from ourselves and others.

Question 26

Anima

Answer 26

Jung believed that all humans are psychologically bisexual and possess both a masculine and a feminine side. The feminine side of men originate in the collective unconscious as an archetype and remains extremely resistant to consciousness.

Question 27

Animus

Answer 27

The masculine archetype in women is called the animus.

Question 28

Basic hostility

Answer 28

Repressed feelings of rage that originate during childhood when children fear that their parents will not satisfy their needs for safety and satisfaction.

Question 29

Basic anxiety

Answer 29

Feelings of isolation and helplessness in a potentially hostile world.

Question 30

Shaping

Answer 30

Step by step process of attaining a desired behavior by behavior by providing a reward at each step.

Question 31

Extinction

Answer 31

No longer having a response to a conditioned stimulus

Question 32

Factor analysis

Answer 32

A mathematical procedure for reducing a large number of variables to a few; used by Eysenck and others to identify personality trait and factors.

Question 33

Self-efficacy

Answer 33

Peoples expectation that they are capable of performing those behaviors that will produce desired outcomes in any particular situation.