Definitions

Question 1

Version Control (VCS)

Answer 1

Records changes to a file, a set of files, or a program over time as a version. While allowing you to revert back to previous states.

Question 2

Centerlized Version Control Systems (CVCSs)

Answer 2

A single server that contains all versioned files from a single place.

Question 3

Distributed Version Control Systems (DVCSs)

Answer 3

Collaborative data sharing that allows each peer’s working copy of the codebase complete repository.

Question 4

Three Git States

Answer 4

1. Committed: stored in local database
2. Modified: changed a file but not yet committed
3. Staged: marked a modified file in its current version to go into your next commit

Question 5

Three Sections of a Git project workflow

Answer 5

1. [HEAD] Git directory: is where Git stores the metadata and object database for your project. Points to the last commit you’ve made.
2. Working directory: one version of the project, which holds actual files
3. [Index] stores information about what will go into your next commit.

Question 6

Two approaches to getting a Git Repository

Answer 6

1. Import an existing project into git

2. Clones an existing project in Git

Question 7

git clone

Answer 7

Clone a repository into a new directory

Question 8

Initial commit

Answer 8

Start version-controlling existing files (as opposed to an empty directory)

Question 9

Two main states of a git file or directory

Answer 9

1. untracked files: Git doesn’t see any files in your working directory
   2. unmodified : completed/commited/cloned version <br></br>
      modified: changed since your last commit <br></br>
      staged: “Changes to be committed” heading

Question 10

Remote repositories

Answer 10

Versions of your project that are hosted on the Internet or network somewhere.

Question 11

Two Types of Tags

Answer 11

1. Lightweight

2. Annotated

Question 12

Lightweight Tag

Answer 12

A immutable reference to a specific commit with a descriptive label.

Question 13

Annotated Tag

Answer 13

A immutable reference to a specific commit with a descriptive label. That may include release notes, the meta-information about the release, and optionally a signature to verify the authenticity of the commit to which it points.

Question 14

Branches

Answer 14

Mutable references

Question 15

Sharing Tags Default

Answer 15

By default, the git push command doesn’t transfer tags to remote servers. <br></br> $ git push origin v1.5

Question 16

Git Aliases

Answer 16

Create short cuts for git commands