Definitions

Question 1

Chronic Illness

Answer 1

Is the human experience of symptoms and suffering the person experiences, and refers to how the disease is perceived, lived with and responded to by individuals, their families and healthcare professionals.

Question 2

Chronic Disease

Answer 2

Refers to path-physiology of the condition, such as an alteration in structure and function.

Question 3

Quality of Life by Lubkin & Larsen, 2013

Answer 3

An individual’s overall sense of well-being that is linked to many factors including social and economic conditions, personal values, happiness, life satisfaction and spiritual well-being.

Question 4

Palliative Care by WHO

Answer 4

An approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the privation and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual.

Question 5

Palliative Care by Lubkin & Larsen, 2013

Answer 5

Palliative care seeks to prevent, relieve, reduce, or soothe the symptoms of disease or disorder without effecting a cure.

Question 6

Parson’s perspective of the ‘sick role’ (1950s)

Answer 6

• The person is exempt from normal social roles
• The person is not responsible for his/her condition
• The person has the obligation to want to become well
• The person has the obligation to seek & cooperate with technically competent help

Question 7

Health Behaviour

Answer 7

Is any activity undertaken by a person believing himself to be healthy, for the purpose of preventing disease or detecting it in an asymptomatic stage.

Question 8

Illness Behaviour

Answer 8

Any activity undertaken by a person who feels ill, to define the state of his health and to discover a suitable remedy.

Question 9

Sick-role Behaviour

Answer 9

Is the activity undertaken, for the purpose of getting well, by those who consider themselves ill.

Question 10

Quality of Life by WHO

Answer 10

An individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns.

Question 11

Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by WHO

Answer 11

The extent to which one’s usual or expected physical, emotional, and social well-being are affected by a medical condition or its treatment.

Question 12

Stigmatisation by Webster, 2011

Answer 12

Mark of shame or discredit, an identifying mark or characteristic.

Question 13

Belonging by Lubkin & Laresn, 2013

Answer 13

A multidimensional social construct of relatedness to persons, places or things, and is fundamental to personality and social well-being.

Question 14

Social Isolation by Lubkin & Larsen, 2013

Answer 14

The distancing of an individual, psychologically or physically, or both, from his or her network of desired or needed relationships with other persons.

Question 15

Children as carers by Tuffrey, 2012

Answer 15

A child becomes a ‘young carer’ when the level of care-giving and responsibility to the person in need of care becomes inappropriate for that child and impacts on his or her own emotional and physical well-being or educational achievement and life chances.

Question 16

Disability by Chang & Johnson, 2008

Answer 16

People are considered to have a disability if they have a limitation, restriction or impairment which has lasted, or is likely to last, for at least 6 months and restricts everyday practice.

Question 17

Impairment by WHO

Answer 17

A problem in body function or structure.

Question 18

Activity Limitation by WHO

Answer 18

Activity limitations are those difficulties people face in carrying out tasks such as performing ADLs.

Question 19

Participation Restrictions by WHO

Answer 19

Problems being involved in life situations.

Question 20

Cardiac Cripple

Answer 20

A term used when referring to patients who are ‘disabled’ by the extent of their cardiac disease and rely on oxygen therapy or medication therapy to survive.

Question 21

Medication Compliance

Answer 21

A passive role taken by the patient in which they are required to follow the directions of the health professional even if it comes as a cost to their own values and beliefs.

Question 22

Medication Concordance

Answer 22

Process of developing a mutually-agreed treatment regime.

Question 23

Self Management

Answer 23

Places greater emphasis on the patient’s active role in decision-making, both inside and outside of the consultation room.

Question 24

Discharge Planning

Answer 24

Is the quality links between hospitals, community-based services, non-government organisations and carers.

Question 25

NACCHO

Answer 25

National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations

Question 26

Health Promotion

Answer 26

A political, ecological and capacity building process, aimed at arranging determinants of health in a way that facilitates health at all levels.

Question 27

Health Education

Answer 27

Involves strategies that seek to influence people’s values, beliefs, attitudes and motivations in relation to health, health risks and health behaviours.

Question 28

Hospice

Answer 28

A place of shelter and rest for pilgrims, attached to monasteries.

Question 29

The Palliative Approach

Answer 29

Aims to promote both physical & psychosocial well being. It is a vital & integral part of all clinical practice, whatever the illness or its stage, informed by a knowledge & practice of
palliative care principles.

Question 30

Advance Care Planning

Answer 30

Clear decision making contributes to quality of life at the end of life, and its absence may lead to worse outcomes.

Question 31

Declaration of Alma Ata

I know… it’s really long.

Answer 31

Essential health care is based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally acceptable to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination. It is the first level of contact with individuals, the family and community with the national health systems bringing health care as close as possible to where people live and work constitutes the first element of a continuing care process.