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Geography GCSE > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

0
Q

Backwash:

A

The movement of water down a beach by the action of gravity

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1
Q

Appropriate Technology:

A

Aid supplied by a donor country whereby the level of technology and skill required to service it are properly suited to the receiving country

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2
Q

Beach replenishment:

A

Building up the beach by pumping sand or shingle onto it

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3
Q

Bedload:

A

Larger particles moved along by a river bed

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4
Q

Birth rate:

A

The number of children born in a year for every 1000 people in a population

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5
Q

Brownfield site:

A

Land on which buildings have been built upon before

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6
Q

Catchment area:

A

The area from which people come to a shop or a shopping centre

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7
Q

Central Business District (CBD):

A

The main shopping and business centre of a city

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8
Q

Commuter range:

A

The distance people will travel from their homes to places of work

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9
Q

Constructive Waves:

A

Waves that build up beach material to create landforms

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10
Q

Conurbation:

A

A large urban area formed when cities and towns merge as they grow towards each other

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11
Q

Convenience/Low Order Goods:

A

Goods that people but frequently for everyday needs (e.g: bread, milk)

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12
Q

Counter-urbanisation:

A

A movement of people away from a city or town

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13
Q

Cyclone:

A

A system of winds rotating inwards to create an area of low pressure

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14
Q

Death rate:

A

The number of people who die in a year for every 1000 people in a population

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15
Q

Delta:

A

Where a river breaks into many distributaries before it reaches the Sea (e.g: the bird’s foot delta)

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16
Q

Dependent:

A

When an area is reliant on one company or type of company for the majority of it’s employment

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17
Q

Desertification:

A

The process by which land becomes desert

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18
Q

Destructive waves:

A

Waves that erode coastlines

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19
Q

Development:

A

The use of resources and the application of available technology to improve the standard of living within a country

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20
Q

Discharge:

A

The volume of water in a river passing a point in a given time, measured in cumecs (cubic metres per second)

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21
Q

Disposable income:

A

The amount of income a person has left after paying for all necessities

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22
Q

Dredging:

A

Taking sediment from a river or sea bed

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23
Q

Eco-tourism:

A

Environmentally responsible travel to natural areas in a way that has low impact on the natural environment and benefits to the local economy

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24
Epicentre:
The point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an Earthquake
25
Erosion:
The wearing away and removal of rocks by the action of wind, water or ice
26
Estuary:
Tidal part of a river mouth
27
Evapotranspiration:
The sum of evaporation from the Earth's surface together with the transpiration from plants
28
Exponential growth:
A rate of increase that quickly doubles
29
Exports:
Goods that are sold to other countries
30
Flood plain:
Flat are next to a river that is liable to flood. Fertile ground that is good for farming
31
Free trade:
Trade between countries when the prices paid are determined by what the producer wants to be paid and what the consumer is prepared to pay
32
Freeze-thaw:
The continued freezing and thawing of moisture in rocks that eventually causes them to break
33
Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
Total value of goods and services produced by a country in year
34
Globalisation:
The increasing interconnection and interdependence of the world economically, culturally and politically
35
Greenfield Site:
Fields or open land that has not had any buildings on before
36
Gross National Income:
Total value produced within a country together with its income received from other countries
37
Groundwater flow:
Movement of water underground through rocks
38
Groyne:
Wooden or concrete construction built across a beach in an attempt to prevent longshore drift
39
Hard Engineering:
Use of concrete or other permanent constructions built across a shoreline to prevent coastal erosion
40
Honeypot sites:
Particular locations that attract a lot of visitors/ tourists
41
Immigrant:
A person who moves into a country to live there for longer than a year ( An Emigrant is the opposite- they move out)
42
Imports:
Goods that are bought from other countries
43
Infiltration:
Seeping of water into soil
44
Interception:
Collection of water by vegetation
45
Informal Sector:
Jobs that are often without regular hours and payment- not recognised by the government
46
Irrigation:
Artificial watering of the land
47
Lateral erosion:
Erosion of the sides of Valley
48
Life expectancy:
The average number of years a person may be expected to live when born, assuming past trends continue
49
Literacy Rate:
The percentage of people who have basic reading skills
50
Longshore drift:
The movement of material along a coastline by the actions of waves
51
Managed retreat:
Allowing the sea to flood lowland, low value areas
52
Meanders:
Large bends in a river. When these are cut off they form Oxbow Lakes
53
Migration:
To move from one area to another, this can be internal or international
54
Multiplier effect:
The process whereby a significant increase in economic growth can lead to even more growth as more money circulates in the economy
55
Non-Government Organisations:
Private organisations that work on big issues affecting humanity. They may get money from governments and work with them but they're never controlled by the government
56
Precipitation:
Moisture that falls from the atmosphere in any form
57
Prevailing Wind:
Most frequent wind direction for an area
58
Pyroclastic flows:
Avalanches of hot volcanic debris
59
Quality of Life:
The factors that affect a person's general well being and happiness
60
Seasonable employment:
Temporary employment for part of the year only
61
Seismic Waves:
Vibration generated by an earthquake
62
Shanty Towns/Slums/Favela:
Areas of housing that people build themselves from scrap material on the edges of cities, illegal and often in LEDCs
63
Storm Surge:
Extreme storm waves created by strong winds and low pressure leading to higher sea levels and flooding
64
Subsidies and Grants:
Money that a government can give or loan to a business
65
Subsistence farming:
The most basic form of agriculture where the produce is consumed entirely or mainly by the family who work the land or tend the livestock. If a small surplus is produced it is sold off or traded
66
Surface runoff:
Any water flowing over the surface of the Earth
67
Swash:
The force of breaking waves moving up a beach
68
Through Flow:
Movement of water underground through the soil
69
Trade deficit:
When the cost of imports is greater than the money made from exports
70
Trade Surplus:
When the money made from exports is greater than the costs of imports
71
Transpiration:
Loss of moisture from plants
72
Urbanisation:
The process through which an increasing percentage of the country's population lives in urban areas compared to rural areas
73
Urban regeneration:
Rebuilding an old part of the city to improve it
74
Vertical Erosion:
Downward erosion of a river bed
75
Water table:
The upper level of underground water
76
Gentrification:
The buying and renovation of buildings in deteriorated urban areas, and marketing them towards young professionals
77
Quota:
A limit on the quantity of goods that can be produced abroad and sold domestically
78
Climate:
Average weather conditions recorded at a place over 30 years
79
Anticyclone
Area of high pressure
80
Depression:
Area of low pressure
81
Weather:
Condition of the atmosphere at any given time
82
National Parks:
Area set aside by the government to protect landscape and habitats, managed to stop visitor damage
83
Arable Farms:
Farms that grow crops
84
Pastoral Farms:
Farms that raise livestock. These can be sedentary or nomadic (stationary or moving from place to place)
85
Hydraulic Action:
The force of water wears down the rock
86
Abrasion:
Rocks carried by current wear down the banks/cliff face
87
Attrition:
Rocks carried by the current smash together and break into smaller,smoother and rounder particles
88
Solution:
Soluble particles are dissolved into the river
89
Solution:
Minerals are dissolved in the water and carried along by the current
90
Suspension:
Fine, light material is carried along by the current
91
Saltation:
Small pebbles and stones bounced along the bed
92
Traction:
Large boulders and rocks rolled along the bed

Geography GCSE (3 decks)

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