Definitions 2 Flashcards
Sweatshop
A factory or workshop, especially in the clothing industry, where manual workers are employed at very low wages for long hours and under poor conditions.
Co-operative
A business that is owned and run by and for members, using democratic processes to give all members a say.
Subsistence farming
The practice of growing crops and raising livestock sufficient only for one’s own use, without any surplus for trade.
Cash crops
Agricultural crops that are planted for the purpose of selling on the market or for export to make profit.
Import
Bring (goods or services) into a country from abroad for sale.
Export
Send (goods or services) to another country for sale.
Equity
Recognizing that we do not all start from the same place and must acknowledge and make adjustments to imbalances.
Fairness
Impartial and just treatment or behaviour without favouritism or discrimination.
Marketing
The activity or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising.
Developing country
A country with a relatively low standard of living, undeveloped industrial base, and moderate to low Human Development Index (HDI).
Developed country
A sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.
Exploitation
The action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work
Nomad
a member of a people that travels from place to place and has no permanent home.
Tariff
A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.
Quotas
A fixed share of something that a person or group is entitled to receive or is bound to contribute.
Fast fashion
Producing trendy and cheap clothing in large quantities at rapid speed.
Perspective
A particular attitude towards or way of regarding something; a point of view.
Marginalize
Treat (a person, group, or concept) as insignificant or peripheral.
Nazis
A far right German Workers’ Party
Theresienstadt
A transit camp for Czech Jews being transported.
Propaganda
Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view.
Resistance
The refusal to accept or comply with something.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
UDHR
Living conditions
The circumstances or factors affecting the way in which people live, particularly with regard to their well-being
Discrimination
The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of ethnicity, age, sex, or disability.
Prejudice
Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.
Dehumanization
The process of depriving a person or group of positive human qualities.
Anti-Semitism
Hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people.
Human rights
Rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status.
Responsibilities
The opportunity or ability to act independently and take decisions without authorization.
Freedom
The power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants.
Rights
A moral or legal entitlement to have or do something.
Oppression
Prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or exercise of authority.
Voting Rights Act
A landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.
Genocide
The deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group.
Empathy
The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
Atrocities
An extremely wicked or cruel act, typically one involving physical violence or injury.
Poverty
The state of being extremely poor.
Equality
The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities.
Ideology
A system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
Beliefs
Something that is accepted, considered to be true, or held as an opinion
Colonisation
The action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.
Reconciliation
The action of making one view or belief compatible with another.
Consumerism
The protection or promotion of the interests of consumers.
Dignity
The state or quality of being worthy of honour or respect.
Alienate
Make (someone) feel isolated or estranged.
Interrogation
Ask questions of (someone) closely, aggressively, or formally.
Convention
A standard technique or rule to be followed.
Continent
Any of the world’s 7 main continuous expanses of land
Ocean
A very large expanse of sea, in particular each of the main areas into which the sea is divided geographically.
0° Longitude
Prime/Greenwich meridian
Tropics
The area between the tropic of Cancer and the tropic of Capricorn.
Tropic of Cancer
Latitude line 23.5° N
Tropic of Capricorn
Latitude line 23.5°S
Physical map
A representation of natural features of the earth such as mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, oceans, etc.
Political map
A type of map that represents political divisions, or human-created boundaries, of the world, continents and major geographic regions.
Key
An explanatory list of symbols/colours used in a map/graph
Equator
0° Latititude
International Date line
The line extending between the South and North Poles that is the boundary between one calendar day and the next.
Co-ordinates
A way of expressing where on the Earth you are. They are made up of an X value, or longitude, and a Y value, or latitude.
Grid references
A location on a map, which is found using the northing and easting numbered lines
Islands
A piece of land surrounded by water.
Adolf Hitler
The leader of the Nazi party
Auschwitz
Nazi Germany’s largest concentration camp and extermination camp. Located near the town of Oswiecim in southern Poland.
Concentration camp
An internment centre for political prisoners and members of national or minority groups who are confined for reasons of state security, exploitation, or punishment, usually by executive decree or military order.
Eugenics
The study of how to arrange reproduction within a human population to increase the occurrence of heritable characteristics regarded as desirable.
Euthanasia
The painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma.
Extermination camp
Nazi German concentration camp that specialized in the mass annihilation (Vernichtung) of unwanted persons in the Third Reich and conquered territories.
Final Solution
The Nazi policy of exterminating European Jews. Introduced by Heinrich Himmler and administered by Adolf Eichmann, the policy resulted in the murder of 6 million Jewish people in concentration camps between 1941 and 1945.
Ghetto
A legally enforced residential area for Jews.
Holocaust
The genocide of European Jews during World War II.
Liberation
The action of setting someone free from imprisonment, slavery, or oppression; release.
Persecution
Hostility and ill-treatment, especially on the basis of ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation or political beliefs.
Police state
A totalitarian state controlled by a political police force that secretly supervises the citizens’ activities.
Pogrom
An organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jewish people in Russia or eastern Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Racism
Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism by an individual, community, or institution against a person or people on the basis of their membership of a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized.
Refugee
Someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war or violence.
Stereotypes
A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Supercontinent
A landmass made up of most or all of Earth’s land.
Tectonic plates
A scientific theory that explains how major landforms are created as a result of Earth’s subterranean movements.
Sustainability
Avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance
Sustainable development goals
SDG’s
Deforestation
The removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use.
Population
All the inhabitants of a particular place.
Climate Change
Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns.
Resources
A stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively.
Kaitiakitanga
Guardianship or management
Fair Trade
Trade between companies in developed countries and producers in developing countries in which fair prices are paid to the producers.
Interdependent
Dependent on each other
Trade
The action of buying and selling goods and services
Globalisation
The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
Free trade
International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
Primary sector
An industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, fishing, forestry and mining.
Secondary sector
An industry that manufactures goods rather than producing raw materials, or these industries considered as a group.
Tertiary sector
An industry that consists of the provision of services instead of end products. Services (also known as “intangible goods”) include attention, advice, access, experience and affective labour.
