Definitions Flashcards
Define physical injury?
An injury that impairs a persons physical condition, or causes substantial pain. (Time frames matter, pain might not be present at first)
Define deadly physical force?
Any force under the circumstances in which it is being used is readily capable of causing serious physical injury or death.
Define serious physical injury?
A substantial risk of death, causes serious and protracted disfigurement, causes protracted impairments of health, causes loss or impairment of the function of a body part.
Dangerous weapon?
Any weapon, device, material, instrument or substance which under the circumstances it is being used, attempted to be used, or threatened to be used is readily capable of causing serious physical injury or death.
Deadly weapon?
Any article or substance specifically designed for and presently capable of causing death or serious physical injury.
Physical force?
Includes, but not is limited to an electrical stun gun, tear gas or mace. Force would be used upon another person.
Assault IV?
1: A) a person commits assault IV if the person intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes physical injury to another person.
b) with criminal negligence causes physical injury to a person by means of a deadly weapon. It is a class A misdemeanor.
Assault III?
A person commits assault III if:
A) recklessly causes serious physical injury to another by means of a deadly or dangerous weapon.
B) recklessly causes serious physical injury to another under the circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life. Assault III is a class C felony.
Define imminent?
Near, impending on the point of happening.
What are the 3 IN CHOATE crimes?
1) attempt: an attempt to do something.
2) solicitation: a request or command to do something between 2 people.
3) conspiracy: an agreed upon pact, by two or more persons.
What are the 4major components of the criminal justice system?
1) police
2) prosecutor
3) courts
4) corrections
What are some primary dimensions you cannot change on a person?
- age
- ethnicity
- gender
- mental/physical status
- race
- sexual orientation
What are some secondary dimensions of a person?
- First language
- geographic location
- religion
What is one of the most important tools an officer has in communication/defusing situations?
Their words-which is gaining cooperation, recognizing and defusing hostility.
What are the 6 tactical communication principles?
POLICE 1) professionalism 2 observation 3) listening 4) interacting positively 5) exercising decisive action
What are the 4 themes of history of policing?
1) the tension of police officers and agencies based on the governmental/power/authority of individual freedom/rights.
2) police are part of government and gov. authority has been used by those in power to stay in power.
3) professionalism has been an effort for nearly 100 years.
4) every officer exercises leadership.
Who formed the first police agencies?
The British, sir Robert peel
Who was considered the American father of police and what his focus on hiring new officers?
Police chief august volmer, chief in 1905 In Berkeley. He pushed for higher education amongst officers.
Who was the first woman officer to be hired in the US and which department?
Lola Baldwin, 1905 Portland police bureau
What was a primary reason police was formed in the USA?
To control riots in US cities.
What was a dynamic tension that influenced policing early in American history?
Tension between government and individual rights?
What is a frisk?
An external patting down of the outside?
What do you need for a stop on a person?
Reasonable suspicion that a crime is or being occurred.
What do you need to arrest a person?
You need probable cause and need to prove beyond a reasonable doubt.
What is a mere encounter?
A conversation, they are free to leave
Define arrest?
To place a person under actual or constructive restraint, or to take into custody for the purpose of charging him with an offense.
What are the 3 contacts of person/suspect?
1) mere conversation
2 stop (not free to leave)
3) arrest
When you read someone Miranda, what 3 things need to be present?
1) officer present
2) compelling/in custody
3 interrogation
What do you do if a person revokes their Miranda rights?
All questioning must stop.
Define reasonable suspicion?
To hold a belief that is reasonable under the totality of the circumstances existing at the time and place the officer acts.
Can parole and probation officers arrest a person?
Yes. If there is a warrant. They can also arrest for violations and conditions of probation, parole or post prison supervision.
What is an arrest warrant?
It is an order from the court directing the officer to arrest the person named on the warrant and bring him before the court.
Define probable cause?
There is a substantial objective basis for believing that more likely than not, an offense has been committed and the person to be arrested has committed it.
What shall an officer do when it is a call on domestic violence?
An officer shall arrest and take into custody alleged or potential assailant if probable cause to believe an assault has occurred between family or household members or one such person has placed the other in fear of imminent serious physical injury.
What are the 6themes of ethics?
1) ethics is about behavior
2) understanding human behavior is the key to understanding ethical/all behavior
3) by applying critical thinking skills and a persons value, most people will make good decisions.
4) two processes of the brain that leads to behavior, conscious/rational/thoughtful/reflective and non conscious/automatic/reactive/reflexive
5) the non conscious/automatic/reactive/reflective processes have flaws that lead to bad behavior
6) the non conscious automatic reactive reflective process is necessary for good ethical behavior
What’s the difference between open and plain view?
Open: no physical intrusion needed to see
Plain: physical intrusion needed to see
2 most officer involved injuries?
Back injuries and cardiovascular disease
What are the 2 leading causes of death (health) ?
Cardiovascular and cancer
What are 6 controllable risk for leading to death ?
1) smoke/tobacco
2) physical inactivity
3) high fat diet
4) stress
5) heavy Etoh consumption
6) obesity
What are the 3 exercise frequency for aerobic exercise?
Exercises 3-5x per week
For at least 20mins
Stay within target heart range
What is the bad cholesterol called ?
LDL: low density lipoprotein. It irritates artery walls builds plaque in arteries
HDL: high density lipoprotein. Molecules tend to remove cholesterol molecules from artery walls
What is the total number cholesterol must be below?
150 mg/dl
What number is LDL cholesterol must be below?
90
What are the three major health problems with a high fat diet?
1) cardiovascular disease
2) cancer-breast, prostate
3) diabetes
What is the recommended blood pressure level?
120 for systolic
80 for diastolic
What roles do the supreme courts have in cases?
Decide which cases to review
Usually with significant legal issues
When Supreme Court decides to to review a case-court of appeals become final
What type of appeals can the Supreme Court hear?
Death penalty
Tax cases
Jurisdiction mandamus
What is the court of appeals jurisdiction?
Civil and criminal appeals-except death penalty and tax court
What are the circuit courts jurisdiction?
Felony cases Misdemeanors Violation DV cases Probation Juvenile Civil
What are the roles of the county courts?
Juvenile and probate matters
What is the jurisdiction for justice courts?
Within their county
Concurrent with circuit court in all criminal prosecutions
Except felony trials mostly misdemeanors, traffic and boating violations
What are municipal courts jurisdiction?
City ordinances
Minor traffic violations
Misdemeanors
No felony cases
What is the process of a violation through the justice system?
Cite/release Arraignment Plea Trial by judge only Sentencing or dismissal
What is a misdemeanor process through the criminal justice system?
Arrest/cite or release Accusatory instrument Arraignment Plea Trial-by judge only or 6 jury Sentencing/dismissal
What is the process of a felony through the justice system?
Arrest site release Accusatory instrument Initial appearance Preliminary hearing or grand jury indictment Arrangement Plea Trial -judge only or 12 person Sentencing/dismissal
What should the overall hdl percentage be over the total cholesterol in the blood?
33%
