DEFINITIONS Flashcards
What is capitalism?
Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals or businesses own and control the production of goods and services and operate for profit, with minimal government intervention.
What is communism?
Communism is an economic and political system where the government or community owns all property and means of production, aiming to eliminate class differences and distribute resources based on need.
What is the Chanak crisis?
The Chanak Crisis (1922) was a standoff between Britain and Turkey over British intervention in the Turkish War of Independence, resolved when Britain backed down, recognizing Turkey’s sovereignty.
What is the Winnipeg General Strike?
The Winnipeg General Strike (1919) was a massive labor strike in Winnipeg, Canada, where workers across various industries protested for better wages, working conditions, and rights. It lasted six weeks and ended with limited gains for workers but highlighted tensions between labor and employers.
What is collective bargaining?
Collective bargaining is the process where employers and employees, usually through unions, negotiate terms such as wages, working conditions, and benefits.
What is the halibut treaty?
The Halibut Treaty (1923) was an agreement between Canada and the United States to regulate the fishing of halibut in the Pacific Ocean, marking one of the first instances of Canada acting independently in foreign policy.
Who is J.S woodsworth
J.S. Woodsworth was a key founding member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), a Canadian political party formed in 1932 that aimed to promote socialism, workers’ rights, and social welfare. The CCF later evolved into the New Democratic Party (NDP).
Who was William Lyon Mackenzie, the king?
William Lyon Mackenzie King was a Canadian politician and the longest-serving Prime Minister of Canada, leading the country from 1921 to 1948. As a Liberal, he navigated Canada through key events like the Great Depression and World War II.
Who is Arthur Meighen?
Arthur Meighen was a Canadian politician who served as prime minister twice (1920-1921, 1926) as leader of the Conservative Party. He focused on Canadian nationalism and economic development but struggled with political instability during his time in office.
What are flappers?
Flappers were young women in the 1920s who challenged traditional norms by embracing fashion, freedom, and new social behaviors, such as wearing short dresses, bobbing their hair, and participating in jazz music and dancing.
What is regionalism?
Regionalism is the political, cultural, or economic emphasis on the interests and identity of a specific geographic area or region, often leading to a desire for greater autonomy or influence.
What is the King Byng crisis?
The King-Byng Crisis (1926) was a political conflict in Canada between Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King and Governor General Lord Byng. It occurred when Byng refused King’s request to dissolve Parliament and call an election, leading to a constitutional debate over the powers of the Governor General.
What is the Balfour Report?
The Balfour Report (1926) was a document that affirmed the status of dominions like Canada, Australia, and New Zealand as autonomous nations within the British Empire, marking a shift toward greater independence and equality among these countries.
What is autonomy?
Autonomy is the right or condition of self-governance, where a region or group has the freedom to make its own decisions and control its affairs without external influence.
British Commonwealth definition
The British Commonwealth, now known as the Commonwealth of Nations, is a political association of countries, most of which were former territories of the British Empire, that cooperate on economic, social, and political issues while maintaining equal status and independence.
What is the BNA Act?
The British Commonwealth, now known as the Commonwealth of Nations, is a political association of countries, most of which were former territories of the British Empire, that cooperate on economic, social, and political issues while maintaining equal status and independence.
What is the person’s case?
The Persons Case (1929) was a landmark legal decision in Canada where the Privy Council ruled that women were “persons” under the law, allowing them to be appointed to the Senate and granting them greater legal recognition and rights.
What is the branch plant (economy)
A branch plant is a subsidiary or extension of a company located in a different region or country, often used to produce goods or provide services locally while being controlled by the parent company from another location. Example: USA using Canada.
What are primary industries?
involve the extraction and harvesting of natural resources, such as farming, fishing, mining, and forestry.
What are secondary industries?
involve the processing and manufacturing of raw materials into finished goods, such as construction, factories, and the production of consumer products.
What is a Prohibition?
Prohibition was a period, especially in the U.S. (1920-1933), during which the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages were banned by law.
What was bootlegging (rum running)?
Bootlegging (or rum running) refers to the illegal production, distribution, or smuggling of alcohol, especially during Prohibition, when alcohol was banned in the U.S. (1920-1933).
Who is Agnes Macphail?
Agnes Macphail was Canada’s first female Member of Parliament, elected in 1921. She was a prominent political figure and advocate for women’s rights, social justice, and prison reform.
Who is Emily Murphy?
Emily Murphy was a Canadian women’s rights activist, the first female magistrate in Canada, and a key figure in the Persons Case, which led to women being recognized as “persons” under Canadian law.
Who are the Famous Five?
The Famous Five were five Canadian women—Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Irene Parlby, Louise McKinney, and Henrietta Muir Edwards—who fought for women’s rights and played a key role in the Persons Case, securing women’s legal recognition as “persons” in 1929.
The Great depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929, marked by widespread unemployment, poverty, and financial instability, lasting throughout the 1930s.
What is protectionism?
Protectionism is an economic policy that restricts imports through tariffs, quotas, or other measures to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.
What is pogey (dole)?
Pogey (or dole) was a term used in Canada during the Great Depression to refer to government-provided financial assistance or relief for the unemployed and those in need.
What is the Dust Bowl?
The Dust Bowl was a severe environmental disaster in the 1930s, primarily affecting the Great Plains, caused by drought, poor farming practices, and high winds, leading to widespread crop failure and economic hardship.
Five-cent speech?
The “Five Cent Piece Speech” was delivered by Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King in 1935, where he controversially stated that his government would not provide federal aid to provinces that gave relief to the unemployed under conservative leadership, symbolized by a “five-cent piece” (a small amount). This speech became a key moment in the 1935 federal election.
Who is R.B. Bennett?
R.B. Bennett was the Prime Minister of Canada from 1930 to 1935, leading the country during the Great Depression. His government faced criticism for its handling of the economic crisis, but he later introduced programs aimed at relief and recovery.
What are relief camps?
Relief camps were government-run facilities established during the Great Depression in Canada, where unemployed men were provided with food, shelter, and work in exchange for labor on public works projects.
On to the Ottawa Trek?
The on to Ottawa Trek (1935) was a protest movement in which unemployed workers, mostly from relief camps, traveled to Ottawa to demand better conditions and wages. It ended when the government refused their demands, leading to a confrontation with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
What is the Regina riot?
The Regina Riot (1935) was a violent confrontation between police and unemployed protestors in Regina, Saskatchewan, during the On to Ottawa Trek. It occurred when trekkers, who had been protesting in Ottawa, were stopped by police and forcibly removed, resulting in clashes and several injuries.
Laissez-faire policy ?
Laissez-faire policy is an economic approach where the government minimizes its interference in the market, allowing businesses to operate with little regulation or intervention.
Who is Franklin Roosevelt?
Franklin D. Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the United States (1933-1945), known for his leadership during the Great Depression and World War II and for implementing the New Deal programs to help recover the economy.
What is the Statute of Westminster
The Statute of Westminster (1931) was a law passed by the British Parliament that granted full legislative independence to the Dominions of the British Empire, including Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, allowing them to make their own laws without British interference.
What is supply and demand (law of tariffs)?
The law of supply and demand is an economic principle stating that the price of a good or service is determined by the availability (supply) and the desire for it (demand). In terms of tariffs, if tariffs are imposed on imported goods, the supply decreases, potentially raising prices if demand remains constant.
What is supply and demand (law of tariffs)?
The law of supply and demand is an economic principle stating that the price of a good or service is determined by the availability (supply) and the desire for it (demand). In terms of tariffs, if tariffs are imposed on imported goods, the supply decreases, potentially raising prices if demand remains constant.
What are equalization payments?
Equalization payments are financial transfers from the federal government to less wealthy provinces in Canada, aimed at ensuring all provinces can provide comparable public services at similar tax rates.
What are residential schools?
Residential schools were government-funded, church-run institutions in Canada designed to assimilate Indigenous children by removing them from their families
What is the Indian Act?
The Indian Act (1876) is a Canadian federal law that governs the administration of Indigenous peoples and their lands, controlling aspects of their lives, including governance, land rights, and status, often limiting their autonomy and freedoms.
What are Aboriginal title/cutoff lands?
Aboriginal title refers to the inherent rights of Indigenous peoples to the land they have historically occupied and used. “Cut-off lands” refer to lands that were taken or surrendered by Indigenous peoples, often without full consent, typically during land treaties or settlement agreements.
What is enfranchisement?
Enfranchisement was a policy in Canada that encouraged or forced Indigenous people to give up their status as “Indians” in exchange for full citizenship rights, often leading to the loss of their land and cultural identity.
What is self-determination?
Self-determination in the 1920s and 1930s was about the right of nations and peoples to choose their own political status and pursue their development. After World War I, the Treaty of Versailles emphasized this idea, leading to the creation of new nations from empires like Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman. During the 1930s, nationalism grew, but totalitarian regimes often suppressed self-determination in favor of expansion. The concept remained important, especially as articulated by leaders like Woodrow Wilson, but its practical application faced many challenges during this time.
Dionne Quintuplets ?
The Dionne quintuplets were the first known set of quintuplets to survive infancy, born in 1934 in Ontario, Canada. They became a media sensation and were controversially taken from their family and placed under government guardianship for much of their early lives.
What is the economic cycle?
The economic cycle refers to the natural rise and fall of economic activity over time, typically consisting of four phases: expansion, peak, contraction (recession), and trough. It reflects fluctuations in economic growth, employment, and production.
What is prosperity?
Prosperity refers to a state of wealth, success, or good fortune, characterized by economic growth, stability, and well-being.
What is a recession?
A recession is a period of economic decline, usually marked by reduced business activity, falling GDP, rising unemployment, and lower consumer spending.
What is the New Deal?
The New Deal was a series of government programs and reforms introduced by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s to combat the effects of the Great Depression, including job creation, financial regulation, and social welfare initiatives.
What is the stock market crash (Black Tuesday)?
The Stock Market Crash, or Black Tuesday (October 29, 1929), was a sudden and severe drop in stock prices in the U.S., triggering the Great Depression by causing widespread financial panic and loss of wealth.
