definitions

Question 1

Tonicity

Answer 1

how solution affects the movement of water in and out of the cell. It determines the rate and direction of osmosis.

Question 2

Turgid

Answer 2

A plant cell that has expanded due to water coming into the cell as it has been submerged in a hypotonic solution

Question 3

Plasmolysis

Answer 3

The contraction of a plant cell’s plasma membrane and the cytoplasm away from its cell wall. This is caused when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution.

Question 4

Surface Area

Answer 4

the area on the outside of an object that is exposed to the external environment, within a cell this is the plasma membrane.

Question 5

Volume

Answer 5

the amount of space inside an object, within a cell this is the cytoplasm or the cellular contents

Question 6

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

Answer 6

the relationship between the amount of plasma membrane exposed to the external environment in comparison to the volume of the cellular contents

Question 7

Hypotonic

Answer 7

a solution that has a lower solute concentration than internal environment of the cell, heavily consists of water

Question 8

Hypertonic

Answer 8

a solution that has a higher solute concentration than the internal environment of the cell.

Question 9

Isotonic

Answer 9

a solution that contains the same level of water and solutes.

Question 10

Haemolysis

Answer 10

the rupture or bursting of the blood cell due to water moving inside due to the cell being placed in a hypotonic solution

Question 11

Flaccid

Answer 11

a plant cell that has lost water causing the cell membrane to shrink away from the cell wall as it has been placed in a hypertonic solution

Question 12

Crenation

Answer 12

the shrinkage of a blood cell as water has moved out of the cell. this occurs when it is placed in a hypertonic solution.

Question 13

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 13

the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane of protein channels. Is what ATP charges to use in active transport

Question 14

Diffusion

Answer 14

the process of molecules moving from a region of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is achieved. moves along the concentration gradient

Question 15

Osmosis

Answer 15

the process of water molecules moving from a region of high concentration to low concentration across a semi permeable membrane until equilibrium is achieved. moves along the concentration gradient

Question 16

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 16

is the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration, assisted by carrier proteins and channel proteins to travel through the plasma membrane.

Question 17

Active Transport

Answer 17

the movement of molecules from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration using ATP to power the sodium potassium pumps which the molecules move through. Moves against the concentration gradient.

Question 18

Plasma Membrane

Answer 18

acts as a barrier that separates the internal cellular contents from its external environment.

Question 19

Pinocytosis

Answer 19

a type of endocytosis in which a liquid or dissolved substance enters a cell by vesicle transport

Question 20

Phagocytosis

Answer 20

a type of endocytosis in which a solid substance enters a cell by vesicle transport.

Question 21

Passive

Answer 21

Requires no energy

Question 22

Concentration Gradient

Answer 22

a difference in the amount of a substance between two areas, where molecules naturally move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Question 23

Endocytosis

Answer 23

the movement of large particles into a cell without crossing the plasma membrane. it travels via the vesicles

Question 24

Exocytosis

Answer 24

the movement of large particles out of the cell without crossing the plasma membrane, it travels via the vesicles

Question 25

Lipophilic

Answer 25

dissolves easily in water

Question 26

Lipophobic

Answer 26

does not dissolve readily in lipids

Question 27

Hydrophobic

Answer 27

molecules that do not mix with water

Question 28

Hydrophilic

Answer 28

molecules that mix with or dissolve in water

Question 29

Functions of the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 29

provides a semi-permeable barrier that separates the cell’s internal environment from its external environment

Question 30

Functions of carbohydrates

Answer 30

recognises other cells and helps attach cells to one another

Question 31

Functions of cholesterol

Answer 31

helps maintain the cell membrane’s structure, fluidity as well as regulating its temperature

Question 32

Functions of peripheral protein

Answer 32

provide structural support, aid in cell signalling and connects the membrane to the cytoskin

Question 33

Functions of channel and carrier proteins

Answer 33

act as transportation channels or carriers fro specific molecules

Question 34

why do cells want a small SA:V ratio

Answer 34

so cells can be smaller in size allowing the plasma membrane to easily absorb and excrete nutrients

Question 35

why do cells not want a large SA:V ratio

Answer 35

because the larger the cell the more nutrient it requires which ultimately becomes to much for the cell. it eventually can’t get enough nutrients and dies

Question 36

how does a cell decrease its size and SA:V ratio

Answer 36

the cells divid