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Anatomy And Physiology 1 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

What is Chemistry?

A

The study of matter, its properties, and how it interacts with energy and other substances.

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2
Q

What is Matter?

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

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3
Q

What is Mass?

A

The amount of matter in an object, usually measured in grams or kilograms.

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4
Q

What are Atoms?

A

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.

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5
Q

What are Subatomic Particles?

A

The smaller components of an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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6
Q

What are Protons?

A

Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

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7
Q

What are Neutrons?

A

Neutral (uncharged) particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

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8
Q

What are Electrons?

A

Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.

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9
Q

What is Atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus, which determines the element.

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10
Q

What is an Electron Shell?

A

A region around an atom’s nucleus where electrons are likely to be found.

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11
Q

What is an Element?

A

A pure substance made of only one type of atom.

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12
Q

What are Isotopes?

A

Variants of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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13
Q

What is Mass number?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.

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14
Q

What are Radioisotopes?

A

Isotopes that emit radiation due to an unstable nucleus.

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15
Q

What is Half-life?

A

The time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay.

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16
Q

What is Atomic weight?

A

The average mass of an element’s atoms, considering all isotopes.

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17
Q

What is a Mole?

A

A quantity of a substance that contains Avogadro’s number of particles (6.022 × 10²³).

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18
Q

What is a Valence shell?

A

The outermost electron shell of an atom, involved in bonding.

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19
Q

What are Chemical bonds?

A

The forces that hold atoms together in compounds and molecules.

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20
Q

What is a Molecule?

A

Two or more atoms bonded together.

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21
Q

What is a Compound?

A

A substance made of two or more different elements chemically combined.

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22
Q

What is Molecular Weight?

A

The sum of atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule.

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23
Q

What is Chemical notation?

A

A system of symbols used to represent chemical elements and compounds.

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24
Q

What is an Ion?

A

An atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, giving it a charge.

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25
What are Cations?
Positively charged ions (lost electrons).
26
What are Anions?
Negatively charged ions (gained electrons).
27
What are Ionic bonds?
A chemical bond formed when one atom transfers electrons to another.
28
What are Covalent bonds?
A chemical bond where atoms share electrons.
29
What are Non-polar covalent bonds?
A covalent bond where electrons are shared equally.
30
What are Polar covalent bonds?
A covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally, creating partial charges.
31
What are Hydrogen bonds?
Weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and another electronegative atom.
32
What is a Chemical reaction?
A process that changes substances into different substances.
33
What are Reactants?
Substances that enter into a chemical reaction.
34
What are Products?
Substances formed from a chemical reaction.
35
What is Metabolism?
All chemical reactions occurring in an organism to maintain life.
36
What is Work?
The movement or change in matter due to energy application.
37
What is Energy?
The capacity to do work.
38
What is Kinetic Energy?
Energy of motion.
39
What is Potential Energy?
Stored energy due to position or structure.
40
What is a Decomposition reaction?
A chemical reaction where a molecule is broken down into smaller parts.
41
What is a Hydrolysis reaction?
A decomposition reaction involving water to break chemical bonds.
42
What is Catabolism?
The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.
43
What is a Synthesis reaction?
A chemical reaction where smaller molecules combine to form a larger one.
44
What is Anabolism?
The building of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.
45
What is Dehydration synthesis?
A chemical reaction where molecules bond by removing water.
46
What is an Exchange reaction?
A reaction where parts of molecules are swapped.
47
What is a Reversible reaction?
A reaction that can go in both directions under different conditions.
48
What is a Biochemical reaction?
A chemical reaction occurring in a living organism.
49
What is Activation Energy?
The energy required to start a chemical reaction.
50
What are Enzymes?
Proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
51
What are Catalysts?
Substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.
52
What is Denaturation?
The loss of a protein’s shape and function due to extreme conditions.
53
What are Nucleic acids?
Large molecules composed of nucleotides that store and process genetic information.
54
What is Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?
A nucleic acid that stores genetic information used for protein synthesis.
55
What is Ribonucleic acid (RNA)?
A nucleic acid that helps synthesize proteins based on DNA instructions.
56
What are Nucleotides?
The building blocks of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.
57
What is a Nitrogenous base?
A component of nucleotides, including adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
58
What is Ribose?
A five-carbon sugar in RNA.
59
What is Deoxyribose?
A five-carbon sugar in DNA, differing from ribose by lacking an oxygen atom.
60
What is Adenine?
A nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA, pairing with thymine (DNA) or uracil (RNA).
61
What is Guanine?
A nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA, pairing with cytosine.
62
What is Cytosine?
A nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA, pairing with guanine.
63
What is Thymine?
A nitrogenous base found only in DNA, pairing with adenine.
64
What is Uracil?
A nitrogenous base found only in RNA, replacing thymine and pairing with adenine.
65
What are Complementary base pairs?
A-T and C-G in DNA; A-U and C-G in RNA, ensuring accurate genetic coding.
66
What are Complete strands?
The full sequence of nucleotides forming a DNA or RNA molecule.
67
What is a High-energy compound?
A molecule that stores and releases energy, such as ATP.
68
What is Phosphorylation?
The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, often to store energy.
69
What is Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)?
A nucleotide with one phosphate group, involved in energy transfer.
70
What is Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)?
A nucleotide with two phosphate groups, an intermediate in ATP formation.
71
What is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
A nucleotide that stores and releases energy for cellular processes.
72
What is Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)?
An enzyme that breaks down ATP to release energy.

Anatomy And Physiology 1 (1 decks)

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