definitions Flashcards
Nationalism
Intense loyalty to one’s own country and culture
Militarism
the opinions or actions of people who believe that a country should use military methods, forces, etc to gain power and to achieve its goals.!
Imperialism
expanding one’s territory by taking over another country
Allies
friends or friendly nations you can trust
Central powers
The wartime military alliance of germany, austria hungary, bulgaria, and the ottoman empire.
Balance of power
1) a situation in which nations of the world have roughly equal power
2) The power held by a small group when larger groups are of equal strengths
National identity
A sense of belonging to a country, and the shared characteristics that distinguish one country from others
Sam Hughes
served as Canadas minister of militia and defence during WW1.
Lee-infield ruffles
Magazine fed rifle used by the british military. It was also used by canadian shoulders for over 50 years.
Ross rifle
The ross rifle was a canadian made bolt action rifle used during WW1
War Measures Act
A canadian law that allowed the government to take extreme measures to protect national security during times of war, towards “enemy aliens”
Habeas Corpus
A legal procedure that allows someone to challenge their detention and request that a judge determine if it’s lawful.
Internment camps
the confinement camps of enemy alien citizens during wartime or terrorism suspects.
Propaganda
A set of strategies used to persuade people to believe, buy, or support something.
Dirigibles/ airships
a large blimp used for spying and bombing
U-boats
a german submarine
Torpedoes
A weapon for destroying ships by rupturing their hulls below the waterline.
Chlorine gas
Toxic, heavier than air, greenish yellow gas that is irritating to the eyes and to the respiratory system.
Trench warfare
a type of combat where opposing armies fight from trenches dug into the ground
Trench foot
A condition you can develop if you stand in a cold, wet environment for an extended period of time
Shell shock
as psychological condition resulting from the stress a soldier experiences during battle
Over the top
A military term: when soldiers left their trenches to attack the enemy.
Western front
Where germany and russia fought
Eastern Front
Operations in the soviet union, the balkan’s, the baltic states, and eastern and central europe.
Ypres
A town in Belgium that was the site of some of the worst fighting in World War.
Somme
A joint operation between british and french forces intended to defeat the germans on the western front.
Vimy Ridge:
A significant Canadian victory in WWI in 1917 in France.
Passchendaele:
third battle of ypres
reasoning: to capture high ground around ypres in belgium to relieve pressure on france front lines
General Haig:
British military leader during WWI, known for his leadership at the Battle of the Somme.
Billy Bishop
A Canadian flying ace with 72 aerial victories
Royal Flying Corps
The british army’s airforce during ww1
Merchant marine
Ships and sailors that transport goods during wartime
Convoys
groups of ships or vechicles travelling together for protection
Victory Bonds
Government bonds sold to raise money for war efforts
Income tax
A tax on people’s earnings, introduced in Canada during WWI to fund the war.
Halifax explosion
A huge explosion in 1917 in Halifax, Canada, caused by a ship collision.
Consciption
Mandatory military service
Hundred days
the final 100 days of World War I, August 8th to November 11th, 1918
Armistice
An agreement to stop fighting, leading to the end of WWI on November 11, 1918.
Paris peace conference
The 1919 meeting where WW1 teams were negotiated, canada became independent, discussed treaty of versailles
Reparations
Payments made by the defeated country to compensate for damages caused during the war
Sanctions
Penalities imposed on a country to enforce international laws or agreements
Spanish Flu
A deadly influenza pandemic that spread worldwide in 1918-1919
League of nations
An international organization created after WW1 to maintain peace
Wartime elections act
A 1917 Canadian law giving voting rights to women with relatives in the military
Suffragists
People who campaigned for womens right to vote
Prohibition
A period in which alcohol was banned in Canada
Total War
A conflict where countries use all their resources to fight, affecting civilians and soldiers
Nellie McClung
A canadian suffragist and women’s rights activist
War of Attrition
A strategy where each side tries to wear the other down over time, typically through constant battles
Dogfights
Aerial battles between fighter planes
Victoria cross
The highest military decoration for bravery in the British and commonwealth forces
Lusitanias
A british passenger ship sunk by germany on 1915, leading to American involvement In WW1
Enemy Aliens
People from countries at war with canada, often treated suspiciously during WW1
Censorship
The suppression or restriction of information, especially during wartime
