definitions

Question 1

conducting zone

Answer 1

includes structures and organs not directly involved in gas exchange

Question 2

respiratory zone

Answer 2

where gas exchange occours

Question 3

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 3

act of breathing in/out

Question 4

atmospheric pressure

Answer 4

pressure outside of body

Question 5

intra-aveolar pressure:

Answer 5

pressure of air within alveoli in lungs, changes in phases of breathing

Question 6

intra pleural pressure

Answer 6

pressure within pleural cavity; always lower than intra-alveolar pressure to ensure that lungs don’t collapse

Question 7

respiration cycle

Answer 7

one sequence of inspiration/respiration

Question 8

respiratory volume

Answer 8

term used for various volumes of air mode by or associated with lungs during respiration cycle

Question 9

tidal volume

Answer 9

amount of air entering lungs during quiet breathing- 500 mL

Question 10

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 10

amount of air you forcefully exhale past a normal tidal volume: up to 1200 mL for men

Question 11

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 11

produced by deep inhalation past tidal inspiration

Question 12

residual volume

Answer 12

amount of air left in lungs after exhalation- prevents alveoli from collapsing in on themselves, which makes it possible for alveoli to re-inflate during inflation

Question 13

total lung capacity

Answer 13

sum of all lung volumes; total amount of air a person can holding lungs after forceful inhalation; sum of all volumes except residual volumes

Question 14

inspiratory capacity

Answer 14

total amount of air you can inhale; sum of all tidal volume and inspiratory volume

Question 15

functional residual capacity

Answer 15

amount of air that remains in lungs after normal tidal expiration; sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume

Question 16

Anatomical dead space

Answer 16

air that never participates in gas exchange, stays in bronchus and trachea

Question 17

total dead space

Answer 17

anatomical plus alveolar dead space; all air not used in gas exchange

Question 18

hyperventilation

Answer 18

increased ventilation that is independent of body requirements for O2

Question 19

hypoxia

Answer 19

reduction of amount of O2 reaching body tissues

Question 20

external nares

Answer 20

large particles removed as enter nostrils and flow to nasal cavity

Question 21

nasal cavity

Answer 21

has mucus that cleans, moistens and warms up air before eating lungs; pushes mucus via little cilia. clean and eliminates debris

Question 22

oral cavity

Answer 22

major entrance (after nose) for respiratory system

Question 23

pharynx (all three parts)

Answer 23

• nasal pharynx: continuous with oral cavity
• nasopharynx: for air only
• oropharynx: food and air

Question 24

epiglottis

Answer 24

inside larynx, above glottis. little flexible piece of elastic cartilage that closes off trachea; moves up and down: open and closes passage to trachea when we swallow food to pass food along to esophegous

Question 25

glottis

Answer 25

contains vocal cords

Question 26

larynx

Answer 26

connects pharynx to trachea, helps regulate volume of air that enters/leaves lungs

Question 27

trachea

Answer 27

extends from larynx to lungs; made up of c shaped cartilage, connected by dense tissue to provide support and prevent collapsing

Question 28

bronchus

Answer 28

facilitate movement of air from external environment into lungs

Question 29

bronchiole

Answer 29

smallest branches of bronchi, at the end of them are tiny terminal bronchioles which lead to structures where gas exchange actually occurs

Question 30

lungs

Answer 30

only part of respiratory system that contains both conducting and respiratory zones.

Question 31

alveolus

Answer 31

gas exchange occurs: sacs attached to terminal bronchioles. made up of thin layer of squamous epithelial tissue (thin, single layer)

Question 32

pleural cavity

Answer 32

between two membranes (visceral + parietal), separates major organs from each other to prevent interaction, produces pleural fluid

Question 33

the nasal cavity has:

Answer 33

lateral wall of nasal cavity has three bony projections to increase the surface air to slow down the air in order to moisten, clean and heat up the air before it enters the lungs. contains mucus to trap the debris, moves mucus from the nasal cavity to the throat to be swallowed.