definitions Flashcards
What is the lowest price that a seller is willing to accept for a security?
Ask Price
Polish: Cena ofertowa (cena sprzedającego)
What market condition is characterized by falling prices and investor pessimism?
Bear Market
Polish: Bessa
What is the highest price that a buyer is willing to pay for a security?
Bid Price
Polish: Cena kupna (cena oferowana przez kupującego)
What are shares of large, well-established companies with a history of reliable performance called?
Blue Chip Stocks
Polish: Akcje blue chip
Who acts as an intermediary between an investor and a securities exchange?
Broker
Polish: Makler / Broker
What market condition is characterized by rising prices and investor optimism?
Bull Market
Polish: Hossa
What is the profit realized from the sale of securities or other capital assets?
Capital Gains
Polish: Zyski kapitałowe
What is a risk management strategy that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio?
Diversification
Polish: Dywersyfikacja
What portion of a company’s earnings is distributed to shareholders?
Dividend
Polish: Dywidenda
What indicates a company’s profitability by dividing profit by outstanding shares?
Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Polish: Zysk na akcję
What is a type of investment fund traded on stock exchanges?
Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF)
Polish: Fundusz ETF
What is a risk management strategy used to offset losses in investments?
Hedging
Polish: Zabezpieczenie (hedging)
What is a statistical measure of change in a securities market?
Index
Polish: Indeks giełdowy
What is the first time that the stock of a private company is offered to the public?
Initial Public Offering (IPO)
Polish: Pierwsza oferta publiczna (IPO)
What is an order placed with a broker to buy or sell once the stock reaches a certain price?
Limit Order
Polish: Zlecenie z limitem ceny
What term describes the ease with which an asset can be converted into cash?
Liquidity
Polish: Płynność
What is the term for borrowing money from a broker to purchase stock?
Margin
Polish: Depozyt zabezpieczający / Handel na marży
What is the total market value of a company’s outstanding shares called?
Market Capitalization (Market Cap)
Polish: Kapitalizacja rynkowa
What is an investment vehicle that pools money from many investors to purchase a diversified portfolio?
Mutual Fund
Polish: Fundusz inwestycyjny
What are financial derivatives that give buyers the right to buy or sell an underlying asset?
Options
Polish: Opcje
What is a valuation ratio calculated by dividing the current share price by the earnings per share?
P/E Ratio (Price-to-Earnings Ratio)
Polish: Wskaźnik cena/zysk (P/E ratio)
What is a collection of financial investments like stocks, bonds, and cash equivalents called?
Portfolio
Polish: Portfel inwestycyjny
What is a grouping of companies that operate in the same segment of the economy called?
Sector
Polish: Sektor
What is a single unit of ownership in a company or financial asset?
Share
Polish: Akcja
What is the sale of a security that the seller does not own called?
Short Selling
Polish: Krótką sprzedaż
What is the difference between the bid and ask prices of a security called?
Spread
Polish: Spread
What type of security signifies ownership in a corporation?
Stock
Polish: Akcja / Udział
What is an order to buy or sell a security at a specific price or better?
Stop-Loss Order
Polish: Zlecenie stop-loss
What is a statistical measure of the dispersion of returns for a given security or market index?
Volatility
Polish: Zmienność
What term describes the income return on an investment expressed as a percentage?
Yield
Polish: Rentowność
