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ObG SEM 5 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

OBSTETRICS

A

A branch of medicine that specialises in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth

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2
Q

GYNECOLOGY

A

A branch of medicine that specialises in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system

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3
Q

GRAVIDA

A

The total number of pregnancies including the current one regardless of the outcome

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4
Q

PARITY

A

The number births that have passed the period of viability(22 weeks)

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5
Q

PRIMIGRAVIDA

A

A woman who conceives for the first time

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6
Q

MULTIPARA

A

A woman who has given birth at least once before

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7
Q

PARTURIENT

A

A woman who is in labour or in the process of delivery is
called a parturient.

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8
Q

LABOUR

A

A series of events that take place in the genital organs as an
effort to expel the viable products of conception out of the uterus through the vagina into the outer world, accompanied by 2 or more strong uterine contractions within 10 minutes of each other with each lasting more than 20 seconds at regular intervals and with cervical changes.
or

Onset of true labour contractions of 2 or more within 10 minutes, each lasting for 20 seconds with cervical changes (dilation, effacement,show)

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9
Q

EARLY LABOUR

A

From onset of regular uterine contractions to 3 cm cervical dilatation.

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10
Q

ACTIVE LABOUR

A

From 4 cm cervix dilatation till complete expulsion of the baby.

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11
Q

1ST STAGE OF LABOUR

A
  • From onset of regular contractions until complete dilatation of cervix
  • average duration of first stage of labour is 12 hours in primigravida & 6 hours in multigravida.
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12
Q

2ND STAGE OF LABOUR

A
  • starts from full cervical dilation to delivery of the baby
  • average duration ONE HOUR in primigravida & 30 minutes in multigravida
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13
Q

3RD STAGE OF LABOUR

A
  • starts from delivery of the baby to expulsion of placenta and membranes and contraction & retraction of the uterus
  • its duration is usually 5-15 minutes.
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14
Q

4TH STAGE OF LABOUR

A
  • it is stage of observation after third stage for one hour to detect any post- delivery problems , which are more likely within a short duration after delivery
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15
Q

MECHANISM OF LABOUR

A

the various movements that the fetus goes through while negotiating the birth canal during labour
- cardinal movements of fetus during delivery
- engagement → descent → flexion → internal rotation (to OA position ideally) → extension (delivery of head) → restitution → external rotation (head rotates in line with shoulders) → expulsion (delivery of shoulders and body).

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16
Q

QUICKENING

A

The first perception of fetal movements by the pregnant mother.

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17
Q

ATTITUDE

A

relationship of fetal parts to one another

most common attitude:flexion

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18
Q

LIE

A

relation between longitudinal axis to the spine of the mother

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19
Q

PRESENTATION

A

part of the fetus that occupies the lower pole of uterus.

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20
Q

PRESENTING PART

A

part of presentation overlying the internal os.

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21
Q

DENOMINATOR

A

A bony fixed point on the presenting part which comes in
relation with various quadrants of maternal pelvis.

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22
Q

POSITION

A

Relation of denominator to different quadrants of the pelvis.

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23
Q

STATION

A

Descent of foetal presenting part in the pelvis. Distance between
the leading bony portion to the interspinous line.

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24
Q

PROM (Premature rupture of membrane)

A

Spontaneous rupture of
membrane, beyond 37th week of pregnancy but before onset of labour,
without labour pain, contractions or cervical changes.

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25
Q

PPROM (Preterm premature rupture of membrane)

A

Rupture of
membrane prior to 37th week of gestation.

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26
Q

ABORTION

A

Expulsion or extraction of an embryo or a fetus weighing
500g or less when it is not capable of independent survival.

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27
Q

ANTEPARTUM HEMORRHAGE

A

Bleeding into genital tract before labour
after 22nd week of pregnancy up to delivery.

28
Q

PLACENTA PREVIA

A

When placenta is covering partially or completely
over the lower uterine segment or internal cervical os

29
Q

ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE

A

A form of APH where the bleeding occurs due to
premature separation of normally situated placenta.

30
Q

IUD (Intrauterine death)

A

Death of fetus in the uterus at or after the 20th
week of pregnancy.

31
Q

POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE

A

More than 500ml of blood loss following normal vaginal delivery, or more that 1000ml following caesarean delivery.

32
Q

RETAINED PLACENTA

A

When the placenta is not expelled out even 30 minutes after the birth of the baby.

33
Q

PUERPERAL SEPSIS

A

An infection of the genital tract which occurs as a complication of delivery.

34
Q

IUGR (Intrauterine growth restrictions)

A

Newborn whose birth weight is below the 10th percentile of the average for the gestational age.

35
Q

MISCARRIAGE

A

Spontaneous abortion with expulsion of the the products of conception or a foetus weighing 500g or less before 20 weeks of gestation.

36
Q

THREATENED MISCARRIAGE

A

Process of miscarriage has started but has not progressed to a state where recovery is impossible

37
Q

INEVITABLE MISCARRIAGE

A

Process of miscarriage has progressed to a state where continuation of pregnancy is impossible

38
Q

INCOMPLETE MISCARRIAGE

A

When the entire product of conception are not expelled, instead part of it is left inside the uterine cavity

39
Q

COMPLETE MISCARRIAGE

A

When entire product of conception has been expelled

40
Q

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

A

Fertilized ovum is implanted & develops outside the normal endometrial cavity.

41
Q

HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

A

Hyperemesis gravidarum is generally defined as persistent nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that is associated with ketosis and loss of more than 5% of prepregnancy body weight.

42
Q

GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION

A

Sustained rise in blood pressure to 140/90mmHg or more, on at least 2 occasions, 4 or more hours apart, beyond 20th week of pregnancy or during the first 24 hours after delivery without proteinuria or end organ damage, in a previously normotensive woman and BP returns to normal within 12 weeks of delivery.

43
Q

PREECLAMPSIA

A

Multisystem disorder of unknown aetiology characterized by development of hypertension to the extent of 140/90 mmg, or more with proteinuria after 20th week of gestation in a previously normotensive woman.

44
Q

ECLAMPSIA

A

Eclampsia is the presence of new-onset grand mal seizures in a woman with preeclampsia that cannot be attributed to other causes.

45
Q

GDM (Gestational diabetes mellitus)

A

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy.

46
Q

MENORRHAGIA

A

Menstruation at regular cycle intervals but with excessive flow of blood(>80ml) and/or duration(longer than 7 days)

47
Q

METRORRHAGIA

A

Abnormal bleeding between regular menstrual cycle/ Irregular, acyclic bleeding.

48
Q

POLYMENORRHEA

A

Cyclic bleeding where the menstrual cycles are shorter than 21days in length (frequent menses)

49
Q

OLIGOMENORRHEA

A

Prolonged length of cycle which occur more than 35 days apart and which remain constant at this frequency

50
Q

HYPOMENORRHEA

A

Scanty menstrual bleeding lasting for less than 2 days.

51
Q

PRIMARY AMENORRHEA

A

A young girl who has not menstruated by her 16
years of age is having primary rather than delayed menarche.The normal
upper age limit for menarche is 15 years

52
Q

SECONDARY AMENORRHEA

A

Absence of menstruation for 6 months or
more in a woman whom normal menstruation has been established

53
Q

DYSMENORRHEA

A

Painful menstruation of sufficient magnitude so as to
incapacitate day-to-day activities

54
Q

PARTOGRAPH

A

a composite graphical record of key data(maternal and
foetal) during labour,entered against time on a single sheet of paper

55
Q

STILLBIRTH

A

A baby delivered with no signs of life known to have died
after 24 completed weeks of pregnancy. Fresh stillborn (< 24hours before
delivery). Masserated stillborn (>24 hours death before delivery).

56
Q

PERINATAL DEATH

A

Deaths of fetus weighing 1000g or more at birth who
die before or during delivery or within the first 7 days of delivery. Death of
a fetus from the period of viability until 1 week of delivery.

57
Q

NEONATAL DEATH

A

Death of the infant within 28 days after birth

58
Q

EPISIOTOMY

A

is a incision through the area between vaginal opening and
perineum.

59
Q

ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY

A

Hemoglobin concentration in peripheral blood less than 11 g/L .

60
Q

SHOW

A

Slight blood-stained mucus discharge from vagina

61
Q

INDUCTION OF LABOUR

A

Purposeful termination of pregnancy with a plan
of normal vaginal delivery

62
Q

term

63
Q

preterm

64
Q

miscarrige

A

less than 22

65
Q

post term

A

more than 42

66
Q

engagement

A

when the biparietal diameter (BPD) of the fetal head passes through the pelvic inlet

how to know?
transvaginal digital examination if the leading part of the fetal head was positioned at least at maternal ischial spine station 0, and on transverse suprapubic ultrasound if the fetal biparietal diameter was below the maternal pelvic inlet.

ObG SEM 5 (4 decks)

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