Definitions Flashcards
Imperialism
The policy of extending a country’s power and influence through colonization, military forces or others means.
Capitalism
Economic system where trade, industry, and the means of production are largely or entirely provately owned and operated for profit.
Communism
A political and economic ideology advocated for a classless society in which all property and wealth are communaly owned.
Socialism
An economic and political system where the means of production, distribution and exchange are owned or regulated by the community as a whole, often through the state
Nationalism
A political ideology that emphasizes the interests, culture, and identity of a nation or group of people, often leading to the desire for self-government or independence
Liberalism
A political and social philosophy that advocates for individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free markets, with a focus on limiting governmental power.
Totalitarianism
A political system where the state holds total control over society and seeks to regulste every aspect of public and private life.
Fascism
A far-right, authoritarian ultranationalist political ideology characterised by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong militarisation of society and the economy.
Constitutional Monarchy
A system of goverment in which a monarch shares power with a constitutional organized government, typically a parliament, with legal limits on royal authority
Human rights
The basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth to death, such as freedom of speech, equally before the law and the right of education
Colonisation
The practice of acquiring and maintaining colonies, particularly by European powers in the 16th to 20th centuries, often involving exploitation of the colonised people and resources
Enlightened Despotism
A form of absolute monarchy inspred by the Enlightenment, where ruler embraced reforms and modernized their nations while maintaining absolute control.
Nation-State
A politicial entity characterized by a defined territory, a stable population, and a government that’s recognised as sovereign by its people and by other states.
Suffrage
The right to vite in political elections, often discussed in the context of universal suffrage, which extends this right to all adults
Decolonisation
The process which colonies became independent from colonial powers, particularly after ww2, leading to the formation of new nations.
