Definitions Flashcards
Multicultural Counseling
Counseling that actively considers the influence of the counselor and client’s cultural identities on the counseling relationship, process, and outcome.
Race
Implies a common descent of ancestry typically with patterns of visible physical features (refers to a common ancestry)
Ethnicity
Cultural characteristics (e.g., rituals, a work ethic, social mores, and values) | Cultural practices and commonalities (e.g., customs, language), is attributed to individuals from particular regions. | Shared characteristics of culture, religion, and language, to name a few, with which a group may identify
Prejudice
Beliefs or attitudes without appropriate consideration of actual data (Belief)
Power
One individual/group—the privileged—having control, autonomy, and authority or influence over another individual or group-the oppressed
Stereotype
Forms of prejudice and discrimination about various cultural groups (Group)
Discrimination
Covert and overt behaviors based on prejudices held about individuals because of their cultural group memberships (Action)(Individual)
Cultural Relativism
The idea that there is no universal standard to judge cultures by, and that cultural values and beliefs should be understood within their own cultural context | Ethical and social standards reflect the cultural context from which they are derived.
Privilege
Made up of several components, such as having power, access, or unearned advantage, and holding a majority status. | Often unconscious and unearned power and advantages based on social group membership.
Cultural Encapsulation - (Ethnocentricism)
The narrow and rigid view of other cultural groups that ensues when one uses one’s own cultural groups as a reference and standard of normality
Cultural Pluralism
Explore the full complexity of cultural identities, choose the values they wish to honor, and be intentional about living with others in accordance with the proclaimed values. | Holds personal beliefs, but at the same time prizes the different beliefs of a client.
Oppression
The hardship suffered by certain social groups at the hands of others because those groups lack the power of the others.
Acculturation
The degree to which immigrants identify with and conform to the new culture of a host society, or the degree to which they integrate new cultural values into their current value system
Biculturalism
A process in which individuals identify with both their own culture and that of the host culture
Enculturation
The socialization process through which individuals learn and acquire the cultural and psychological qualities of their own group
Classism
Having negative biases about/discriminatory behaviors toward individuals/groups based on their perceived/actual SES.
Culture
Shared values, practices, social norms, and worldviews associated with a particular cultural group -
Race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, socioeconomic status, disability, age, spirituality.
Cultural identity
The degree to which individuals identify themselves as belonging to subgroups of various cultural groups or categories, is influenced by their experiences with others within and outside of a particular cultural category.
Ageism
The assumption that chronological age is the main determinant of human characteristics and that one age is better than another. | A form of discrimination against those age groups with higher vulnerability and less access to resources and power
Adultism
Discrimination against young people (youths) and children. | occurs when adults form beliefs about youths and children and behave toward them in ways that generally do not show respect for who they are
