definitions Flashcards
Duration
Measures the length of time a behavior occurs
Frequency
Measures how often a behavior occurs within a specific time period. The observation times need to be consistent (If you do 30 mins one day, do 30 mins next day.) DIVIDE the number of OCCURENCES by the DURATION of observations.
Partial Interval
Dividing the observational period into equal intervals (tens mins, stop, 10 mins) record if behavior happens only during those 10 mins.
Latency
Time between an instruction and when a student start performing task.
Rate
How many times a behavior occurs within a given amount of time
Topography
The way a behavior looks
(Sarah kicks and throws toys when she has a tantrum)
Locus
Where a behavior occurs
ABC data
Antecedent (what happened to cause behavior)
Behavior(what was the behavior)
Consequence(What happened as a result of the behavior)
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)
selectively reinforcing desired behaviors while withholding reinforcement for undesired behavior. (A child cannot engage in spitting if they are chewing gum).
Differential reinforcing of alternative behaviors (DRA)
reinforcing alternative behaviors. (raising of hand instead of speaking out of turn)
Differential Reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
rewards time intervals without unwanted behavior
Differential reinforcement of low rate of behaviors (DRL)
If the behavior occurs fewer times than established limit, a reinforcer is given. ( raising hand instead of interrupting, 2 time instead of consistently)
discrimination training
teaching an individual to differentiate between a stimuli and respond appropriately (distinguish between colors, words, symbols)
whole interval recording
when the behavior of interest occurs throughout the entire interval
the number of intervals the behavior is observed is counted.
(Jim hand flapped atleast 43 of 60 10second intervals. 43 divided by 60 times 100= 72%)
partial interval recording
record if the behavior occurred at any time in the interval.
Anecdotal recording
detailed notes on the behavior. (what happened before during and after. noise levels, distracting factors)
continuous Data recording
( ABC recording, Frequency, Duration, Latency)
chaining
helping to learn complex skills by breaking them down into smaller more manageable steps. once small steps are mastered then chain all the steps together. (washing hands. turn water on. wet hands. get soap. lather soap. rinse hands. water off. dry hands)
shaping
breaking down desired behavior into smaller steps. gradually reinforce each step toward desired outcome. (reinforce crawling, reinforce standing, reinforce 1 step, finally walking)
tact
a verbal operant that is a label or comment
echoic
a person repeats what another person says.
stimulus generalization
a learned behavior that is used in many different enviornments
probe
trials to test whether or not a client can respond independently to an Sd.
intrusive intervention
strategy that restricts physical freedom of movement used for the goal of changing behavior
trial by trial
marking the learners response after each discrete trial during the intertrial interval.
stimulus control transfer
involves changing the stimulus or cue that causes a behavior to occur
*prompting or Fading
inter-trial interval
the time between the end of one discrete trial and the beginning of the next one.
discriminative stimulus (Sd)
instruction in a discrete trial
probe data
collecting data on the first 1-3 trials and not on subsequent trials, if mastered.
multiple stimulus without replacement
for clients without challenging behavior. Do not add the stimulus back to the choices for them thee choose from
multiple stimulus with replacement
for clients with challenging behaviors. Add stimulus back into others but in a different position to choose from
paired stimulus
choosing from an array of 2 items
single stimulus
used for people who cant choice from more than one
elopement
leaving designated area without permission
Negative reinforcement
Removal of stimulus
continuous reinforcement schedule (CRS)
Providing the reinforcement each time the target behavior is displayed
intermittent schedules (INT)
Not every behavior targeted for intervention is reinforced each time
continuous schedules of reinforcement (CRF)
reinforcement is delivered each time the target behavior is displayed
ratio reinforcement
reinforcement after a specific number of behaviors is displayed
interval reinforcement
the amount of time the individual is engaging in the behavior is reinforced AFTER the time has elapsed
Fixed ratio schedule
reinforcer is given after a fixed number of correct responses
FR3
delivered after the third time the behavior is displayed
FR5
delivered after the 5th time behavior is displayed
fixed interval schedules (FI#)
provide reinforcement after the specific amount of time given
FI5- after 5 minutes. NOT if behavior was done/ not done before the 5 min is up.
variable ratio schedules of reinforcement
based on the average of the amount of times the behavior is displayed
one would provide reinforcement an average of every 5th time a behavior is displayed
Variable interval (VI)
reinforcement is provided for a response after an average or unpredictable amount of time has elapsed
ratio strain
reinforcement that is thinned too quickly and the behavior diminishes or disappears
