definitions Flashcards
meiosis
cell division, takes place in reproductive organs, produces gametes
gametes
sex cells which contains one set of chromosomes
haploid
contains one set of chromosomes, limited to gametes
diploid
contains two sets of chromosomes, somatic cells
somatic cells
body/non-reproductive cells
oviparous
development in which internally fertilised egg developing a shell and laid in external environment
viviparous
development in which fertilised egg becomes embryo nurtured inside female’s body, obtaining nutrients through a placenta, and is born alive
ovo-viviparous
development in which eggs with yolk for nourishment are retained inside mother’s body and hatched, where newly hatched young are born alive
monotremes
oviparous mammals, eggs laid + develop outside mother’s body
marsupials
mammals in which offspring develop internally for a short time after fertilisation, then continue embryonic development in a pouch
embryonic diapause
in marsupials: development of youngest triggered when second-youngest detaches from pouch
eutharians
placental mammals: offspring develops inside body of mother after internal fertilisation
pollinating agents
third parties which carry gametes from one parent to another
angiosperms
flowering plants, using sexual reproduction
gymnosperms
conifers, using sexual reproduction
- e.g. ferns
carpel/gynoecium
female reproductive organs in flowering plants
stamen
male reproductive organs in flowering plants
pollination
internal fertilisation
pollen grain
contains sperm, prevents it from drying out
germination
development of a plant from a seed or spore after a period of dormancy
radicle
young root produced when a seed germinates
plumule
young stem grown when seed germinates
isogamous
gametes are similar, not classified as male or female
- undergoes isogamy, has a ‘charge’
spores
single-celled reproductive unit of non-flowering plants
