Definitions

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

An alleles are alternative forms of genes

Question 2

Beneficial Mutations

Answer 2

A beneficial mutation is a mutation that in some way increases the survival chances of a species and its success in reproductive, increasing its chances of being passed on

Question 3

Bottleneck effect

Answer 3

The bottleneck effect is when a population suddenly gets smaller due to a sudden change in the climate such as disease, loss of habitat, and human interaction. This means there is an underrepresentation of alleles in the gene pool.

Question 4

Co-dominance

Answer 4

Co-dominance is when both alleles are expressed equally and independently in the phenotype.

Question 5

Crossing over

Answer 5

Crossing over is when homologous line up at the cell equator and information is physically swapped. Segments of chromatids break and reattach to the other chromatid.

Question 6

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 6

A Dihybrid cross is a genetic cross involving two traits.
The inheritance of alleles for 2 different genes on 2 different chromosomes

Question 7

F1 generation

Answer 7

The first generation of offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly difference parental types

Question 8

F2 generation

Answer 8

The offspring of a cross between two generations of individuals

Question 9

Founder effect

Answer 9

The founder effect is when a small group of individuals leave a population and start a new population

Question 10

Gametic

Answer 10

Gametic are sex cells - sperm and egg. If a mutation occurs here or in the gonads then the mutation is inheritable.

Question 11

Gene

Answer 11

A section of DNA that codes for a particular trait or characteristic

Question 12

Gene pool

Answer 12

All of the alleles present in an interbreeding population

Question 13

Genetic drift

Answer 13

the change of alleles frequency in a gene pool due to chance

Question 14

Harmful Mutations

Answer 14

Harmful Mutations alter the DNA sequence upsetting the structure and function of the protein they code for.

Question 15

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 15

A pair of chromosomes that carry the same genes in the same location.

Question 16

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 16

Neither allele is completely dominant over the other. The heterozygote shows a blend of the two phenotypes.

Question 17

Independent assortment

Answer 17

Independent assortment is where the homologous pairs line up randomly during meiosis. Alleles are reshuffled and new combinations of alleles are created.

Question 18

Lethal allele

Answer 18

Lethal alleles produce a phenotypic effect that causes the dealth of the organism.

Question 19

Linked genes

Answer 19

Linked genes are genes that are found on the same chromosomes that will most likely be inherited together during meiosis unless separated by crossing over.

Question 20

Locus

Answer 20

The position on the chromosome occupied by a gene.

Question 21

Meiosis

Answer 21

Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in the ovaries and testes to make gametes for sexual reproduction. Meiosis results in variation due to crossing over, independent assortment, and segregation