Definitions Flashcards
Whats an acid?
A species that releases H+ ions in aqueous solution
Acid Dissociation Constant?
The equilibrium constant that shows the extent of dissociation of a weak acid.
For a weak acid HA(aq), Ka = [H+(aq)][A-(aq)] / [HA(aq)]
Acid-base pair
A pair of two species that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton.
Activation Energy
The minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction by the breaking of chemical bonds.
Actual Yield
The amount of product obtained from a reaction
Addition Polymerisation
Formation of a very long molecular chain, by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers)
Addition Reaction
A reaction in which two reactants join together to form one product.
Adsorption
The process that occurs when a gas or liquid or solute is held to the surface of a solid.
Alicyclic
Containing carbon atoms joined together in a ring that’s not aromatic.
Aliphatic
Containing carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains.
Alkali
A type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions, OH- (aq) ions.
Alkanes
The hydrocarbon homologous series with single carbon to carbon bonds and the general formula CnH2n+2
Alkenes
The hydrocarbon homologous series with at least one double carbon to carbon double bond.
Alkyl Group
A side chain formed by removing a hydrogen atom removed from an alkane parent chain, for example, CH3, C2H5 : any alkyl group is often shown as R
Alkynes
The hydrocarbon homologous series with at least one triple carbon to carbon bond.
Amount of a substance
The quantity whose unit of the mole, used as a means of counting any species such as atoms, ions and molecules.
Anhydrous
Containing no water molecules.
Anion
A negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons.
Aromatic
Containing one or more benzene rings.
Atom Economy
(Sum of molar masses of desired products) / (Sum of molar masses of all products) x 100
