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Religion > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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Religion Crash Course flashcards
1
Q

Freedom

A

Human potential, the capacity/power to act
Action is the realization of that power
When one uses their freedoms they can create change/intervention

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2
Q

Agency

A

Ability to foresee the consequence of an action and be held accountable for those consequences (non agents are children, mental incapacity, disabilities etc.)

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3
Q

Naturalism is belief that

A

Freedom is an illusion
Decisions are natural choices based on our genetic makeup and in alignment with hox genes

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4
Q

Throughput Model

A

As much product in as short of time in as little cost as possible
Started up consumerism

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5
Q

A. Comte

A

Father of sociology as a science

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6
Q

A. Comte beliefs

A

Society = more powerful than the individual
Most important institution was family
Sociologists could improve society
Influenced by the French Revolution

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7
Q

Maxisms

A

(Kant): principles that are objective and indefinite
Never act in such a way that you would not want to become universal law
Treat others always as an end and never as a means (except for services as there is a mutual intention)

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8
Q

Kant’s beliefs

A

The only pure good human thing is intention
Our actions are slightly less pure than our intentions
Intention is not pure if we do not act on our good intentions
We must be good outside of out comfort zone to be good people (not exercise moral laziness)
If we can conceive something, it must exist somewhere (God)

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9
Q

Meritocracy

A

Belief that people receive what they put in
Theory opposed in modern day i.e the study of black vs white students

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10
Q

W. Wundt

A

First laboratory→ started the field of senses and psychology
Metronome test

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11
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Belief that rewards are a better teaching strategy than punishment
Belief that negative reinforcement→ obedience/compliant (not learning)

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12
Q

Effects of the Big Id

A

Careless
Arrogant
Spoiled
Hurtful to others
Could cause ego break (less likely)

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13
Q

Effects of the Big Superego

A

Insecure
Rule-follower
Self-harm
Vulnerable
Could cause ego break (act the opposite)

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14
Q

Psychosexual Stages

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latent
Genital

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15
Q

Inuit in Greenland

A

Believed there was originally no light and death, so light was exchanged for morality

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16
Q

Kant’s Ethics

A

God: we cannot achieve supreme good without God (perfection)
Freedom: we have to do what we can do, to have duty we must have a choice
Immortality: there is a life beyond where we can achieve supreme good

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17
Q

The Great Hare (Algonquin legend)

A

Gave men and women a forbidden package of eternal life, someone opened the package and eternal life escaped

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18
Q

Perception

A

The way we view things based on our biases and lived experiences
Not an excuse for moral relativism

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19
Q

Sociologists

A

Study how groups affect the behavior and thinking of its members
Look for patterns, consequences and long-term changes in society as a result of institutions

20
Q

Durkheim

A

Beliefs:
Humans are naturally selfish/violent
Society was needed by people
Institutions ( esp. religion & governments) preserve order

He was cynical!

21
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

Educational psychologist

Pigeon bowling
tested positive/negative/neutral reinforcement
proved positive reinforcement = fastest/most efficient/developed internal motivation

Influenced teaching methods

Theorized diagram:

The messages received about Id & superego form our subconscious
Ego→ sense of self, does not change, balances Id & Superego
Id→ personal needs
Superego→ needs of others
Perfect balance= pokemon ball

22
Q

Darwin

A

Evolution, natural selection

23
Q

Social Darwinism

A

Those who deserve to survive will
Related to meritocracy/social oppression

24
Q

Psychosexual stages

A

Oral, mouth, comfort, oral fixation
Anal, bowels/bladder, control, anal expulsive (out of control) / anal retentive (controlling)
Phallic, genitals, Independence, castration anxiety / penis envy
Latent, platonic touch, interdependence, struggle with romantic relationships
Genital, intercourse, reciprocity

25
Q

Mead

A

Cultural Anthropologist
Early theories was that the way boys and girls behave and think is determined by the role of their culture expects of their sex
Established anthropology as a scientific discipline
Believed anthropologists must be immersed in a culture for an extended period of time to analyze the culture accurately

26
Q

MBTI (info)

A

Environmental factors create a preference/trait
Subconsciously judge others of the opposite trait
Believed we need to acknowledge our shadow, not just our preference
We have all aspects of the personalities

27
Q

Extroverted vs Introverted
(E vs I)

A

How we get our energy

28
Q

Sensing vs Intuitive
(S vs N)

A

How we get information

29
Q

Thinking vs Feeling
(T vs F)

A

How we perceive information

30
Q

Judging vs Perception
(J vs P)

A

How we act to the information

31
Q

Dignified

A

Viewed as prestigious/honourable but in reality is being worthy of respect

32
Q

Love

A

A choice, independent of feeling
Tested by if we uphold our principles towards the people we don’t like/when we don’t feel like it

33
Q

Human Dignity

A

Who we are independent of how we behave
Catholic view: we are made in the likeness of God so we all deserve a basic level of respect
I.e Preferential option for the poor (social, wealth, health, spirit)(vulnerable)

34
Q

Morals

A

Actions that reflect our ethics/the ways to attain goodness

35
Q

Ethics

A

Our beliefs of right and wrong/what good people do

36
Q

Aristotle Polis

A

Democratic idea that we have a right/responsibility to our community

37
Q

Teleology

A

To act ethically is to engage our capacity to reason as we develop good character (reason and knowledge)

38
Q

Doctrine of the Mean

A

Belief that the good lies in the middle ground (between pleasure and happiness)

39
Q

K. Marx belief’s

A

The minority of wealthy people impose their power/oppression on the majority
The wealthy control institutions to their benefit
Against religion (taught poor to stay poor)
Pyramid diagram → believed the lower class would overthrow the top cyclically

40
Q

Ego

A

Our sense of self, keeps our superego balanced

41
Q

God (Kant)

A

We cannot achieve supreme good without God (perfection)

42
Q

Freedom (Kant)

A

We have to do what we can do, to have duty we must have a choice

43
Q

Immorality (Kant)

A

There is a life beyond where we can achieve supreme good

44
Q

Teleological

A

Aristotle’s ethics→ setting a goal of being happy then planning how to get there

44
Q

Deontological

A

Kant’s ethics→ we have duties and obligations in our roles as people that we must withhold to a slightly uncomfortable degree

45
Q

Agent

A

A person who acts freely and knowingly, who chooses to do or not do something and who is accountable.

46
Q

Reappropriation

A

A marginalized group who has been a victim of a term readopts the word for themselves to rob it of its power. (Includes non-verbal communication)

Religion (6 decks)

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