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OCR ORGANIC CHEM DEFINITIONS > definitions > Flashcards

definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

molecular formula

A

actual number of atoms in a molecule or element

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2
Q

skeletal formula

A

show the bonds of the carbon skeleton only and functional groups

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3
Q

structural formula

A

arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all the bonds

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4
Q

displayed formula

A

shows the arrangement of atoms showing all the bonds and atoms in a molecule

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5
Q

homologous series

A

have the same functional group and general formula

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6
Q

aromatic compounds

A

contain a benzene ring

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7
Q

aliphatic compounds

A

are straight, branched, or non aromatic chains

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8
Q

bond fission

A

the breaking of a covalent bond

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9
Q

heterolytic fission

A

electrons distributed unequally to form 2 different ions

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10
Q

homolytic fission

A

electrons equally shared to form 2 uncharged radicals

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11
Q

structural isomers

A

have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

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12
Q

chain isomerism

A

same molecular formula but different arrangement of the carbon skeleton

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13
Q

positional isomerism

A

same molecular formula but different position of the functional group on the carbon skeleton

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14
Q

functional group isomerism

A

same molecular formula but different functional group

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14
Q

alkanes

A

saturated hydrocarbons

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14
Q

incomplete combustion

A

when alkanes burn with a limited oxygen supply, carbon monoxide and carbon (soot) are produced

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15
Q

alkenes

A

unsaturated hydrocarbons
CnH2n

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16
Q

pi bond

A

parallel overlap of 2 p orbitals

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17
Q

sigma bond

A

when 2 s orbitals overlap

18
Q

optical stereoisomers

A

have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

they have a chiral carbon atom

19
Q

electrophile

A

electron pair acceptor

20
Q

halogenoalkanes

A

are alkanes with 1 or more halogens attached to it

21
Q

reflux

A

the technique used when you want to heat volatile liquids

22
Q

distillation

A

used when we want to separate substances with different boiling points

23
Q

Re distillation

A

used to purify volatile substances which can be purified further using separation

24
Q

separation

A

used to remove impurities that are dissolved in water

25
Q

purification

A

take the impure product from the separating funnel and add to a round bottomed flask

26
Q

benzene

A

cyclic, planar molecule with the formula C6H6

27
Q
A
28
Q
A
29
Q

empirical formula

A

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

30
Q

chemical mechanism

A

shows the movement of electrons during a chemical reaction

31
Q

curly arrow

A

shows movement of a pair of electrons

32
Q

infrared spectroscopy

A

uses infrared radiation to increase the vibrational energy of covalent bonds in a sample.

33
Q

acid anhydrides

A

molecule made from 2 carboxylic acids that are the same.

34
Q

chiral molecules

A

have 4 different groups around a central carbon atom

35
Q

condensation polymers

A

where 2 different monomers with at least 2 functional groups react together. when the link is made, water is eliminated

36
Q

how are polyamides formed?

A

by reacting diamines and dicarboxylic acid together

37
Q

how are polyesters formed?

A

by reacting a diol and dicarboxylic acid together

38
Q

filtration

A

used to separate solids from liquids

39
Q

recrystallisation

A

is a method to purify solids

40
Q

thin layer chromatography

A

allows us to separate and identify compounds

41
Q

gas chromatography

A

is a useful way to separate mixture of liquids that are volatile hence can be identified

42
Q

retention time

A

the length of time it takes for a substance to travel through the column and reach the detector in TLC

43
Q

chemical shift

A

the difference between the TMS peak and peaks produced by the substance under test

OCR ORGANIC CHEM DEFINITIONS (1 decks)

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