Definitions

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

A short section of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

The entire genetic material of a organism

Question 3

Chromosome

Answer 3

A long tightly coiled molecule of DNA

Question 4

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 4

46

Question 5

Variation

Answer 5

Difference between members of the same species

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

The characteristics shown by an organism

Question 7

What effects phenotypes

Answer 7

Genes and environment

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

All of the genes an organism has

Question 9

Mutation

Answer 9

A random change in an organisms DNA, this can be inherited

Question 10

Continuous variation

Answer 10

Features vary within a range of

Question 11

Example of continuous variation

Answer 11

Height

Question 12

Discontinuous variation

Answer 12

Variation divided into distinct categories

Question 13

Example of discontinuous variation

Answer 13

Eye colour

Question 14

Species

Answer 14

A group of organisms that can interbred to produce fertile offspring

Question 15

Allele

Answer 15

Different versions of the same gene e.g. genes for brown and blue eyes

Question 16

Dominant

Answer 16

Allele that’s always shown, even if there’s only one copy of it e.g. brown eyes

Question 17

Recessive

Answer 17

The allele that is only shown if an individual has two copies of it e.g. blue eyes

Question 18

Homozygous

Answer 18

Both copies of allele are the same e.g. both BB or bb

Question 19

Heterozygous

Answer 19

Both copies of allele are different e.g. Bb

Question 20

Meiosis

Answer 20

The process of producing gametes (sperm + egg cells)

Question 21

Speciation

Answer 21

A population becomes separated by a barrier. Both groups adapt to new habitats and form new species

Question 22

Punnet squares

Answer 22

Used to calculate probability or inheriting features

Question 23

Population

Answer 23

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same habitat

Question 24

Distribution

Answer 24

Where in the habitat an organism might live

Question 25

Abundance

Answer 25

How many Individuals you find in an area e.g. population size

Question 26

Random sampling

Answer 26

Random sampling using a quadrat involves the placing of quadrats in random coordinates

Question 27

Transect

Answer 27

A line across a habitat. The number of organisms of each species along the transect can be observed and recorded at regular intervals by placing quadrats and counting number of individuals of species present

Question 28

Genetic engineering

Answer 28

The process of transferring desirable genes from one organism to another

Question 29

Key

Answer 29

Used to identify creatures. A series of questions that you can use to identify the unknown organisms

Question 30

Abiotic/ biotic

Answer 30

Non living/ living competition factors can hat can affect the distribution of organisms

Question 31

Ecotourism

Answer 31

Tourism that focuses on the appreciation of nature and its conservation whilst having minimal effect on the local ecosystem

Question 32

Ecotourism

Answer 32

Tourism that focuses on the appreciation of nature and its conservation whilst having minimal effect on the local ecosystem

Question 33

Vector

Answer 33

Used to transfer DNA into a cell in genetic engineering or an organism that can spread disease

Question 34

Pathogen

Answer 34

Disease causing microorganism

Question 35

Communicable

Answer 35

Can be spread between organisms

Question 36

Biodiversity

Answer 36

The variety of wildlife in a particular habitat

Question 37

Conservation

Answer 37

Protecting ecosystems and the organisms that live in them e.g. creating areas for organisms (zoo)

Question 38

Sampling methods

Answer 38

Pooter, quadrat, pitfall trap and net

Question 39

Genome research

Answer 39

Identifying genes in the human genome that are linked to disease

Question 40

Stem cells

Answer 40

Undifferentiated cells. Adult or embryonic. Cou