Definitions Flashcards
Electronegativity
A measure of the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract bonding electrons
Chemical bond
A mutual attraction between two atoms resulting from the simultaneous attraction between their nuclei and the outer electrons.
Valence electrons
The electrons in the highest energy level of an atom in which there are electrons
Covalent bond
The sharing of electrons between two atoms to form a molecule.
Non-polar covalent
A bond in which the electron density is shared equally between the two atoms
Polar covalent
A bond in which the electron density is shared unequally between the two atoms
Molecule
A group of two or more atoms covalently bonded and that function as a unit
Bonding pair
A pair of electrons that is shared between two atoms in a covalent bond
Lone pair
A pair of electrons in the valence shell of an atom that is not shared with another atom.
Bond energy
The energy needed to break one mole of its molecules into separate atoms.
Bond length
The average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms.
Boiling point
The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a substance equals atmospheric pressure
Melting point
The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium
Vapour pressure
The pressure exerted by a vapour at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system.
Solubility
The property of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical substance (solute) to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent to form a homogeneous solution.
