Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

What are isotopes?

A
  • Atoms of the same element which therefore have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons
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2
Q

What is relative isotopic mass?

A
  • The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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3
Q

What is relative atomic mass? Required.

A
  • The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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4
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A
  • The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
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5
Q

What is an ionic lattice?

A
  • A repeating pattern of oppositely charged ions
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6
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A
  • The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
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7
Q

What is periodicity?

A
  • Repeating trends in the physical and chemical properties of elements across a period
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8
Q

What is first ionisation energy?

A
  • The energy required for the removal of 1 mol of electrons from 1 mol of gaseous atoms of an element
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9
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A
  • The strong electrostatic attraction between cations and delocalised electrons
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10
Q

What are giant covalent lattices?

A
  • Networks of atoms bonded by strong covalent bonds
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11
Q

What is disproportionation?

A
  • A redox reaction in which the same element is both oxidised and reduced simultaneously
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12
Q

What is the standard enthalpy change of formation, and its symbol?

A
  • The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions, with all reactants and products in their standard states
  • ΔfH⦵
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13
Q

What is the standard enthalpy change of combustion, and its symbol?

A
  • The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a substance is reacted completely with oxygen under standard conditions, with all reactants and products in their standard states
  • ΔcH⦵
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14
Q

What is the standard enthalpy change of neutralisation, and its symbol?

A
  • The enthalpy change that accompanies the reaction of an acid by a base to form one mole of H2O (l) under standard conditions, with all reactants and products in their standard states
  • ΔneutH⦵
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15
Q

What is average bond enthalpy?

A
  • When 1 mole of bonds of gaseous covalent bonds are broken
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16
Q

What is a buffer solution?

A
  • A system that minimises pH changes on addition of small amounts of an acid or a base
17
Q

What is lattice enthalpy, and its symbol?

A
  • The enthalpy change when 1 mole of ionic lattice is formed from its gaseous
    ions
  • ∆LEH
18
Q

What is the definition of the standard enthalpy change of solution and its symbol?

A
  • The enthalpy change that takes place when 1 mole of a solute dissolves in a solvent
  • ΔsolH⦵
19
Q

What is the definition of the standard enthalpy change of hydration and its symbol?

A
  • The enthalpy change that takes place when 1 mole of gaseous ions are dissolved in water
  • ΔhydH⦵
20
Q

What is entropy? Include its symbol and units.

A
  • A measure of the dispersal of energy in a system, that is greater the more disordered a system is
  • S and J K^-1 mol^-1