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physics A2 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Newton’s law of Gravitation. /2

A

Force is directly proportional to the square of POINT masses and inversely proportional to the square of separation of squares

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2
Q

State what is meant by specific latent heat? /2

A

It is the thermal energy per unit mass to change the state at constant mass

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3
Q

Define the radian. /2

A

radian is the angle subtended at the center of circle
when arc length is equal to radius

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4
Q

State by reference to simple harmonic motion, what is meant by angular frequency? /1

A

angular frequncy= 2pi x f

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5
Q

State what is meant by a field of force? /2

A

it is a region
where an object experiences a force

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6
Q

State what is meant by radioactive? /2

A
  • nucleus emits particles
  • emission from nucleus is random and spontaneous
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7
Q

State what is meant by decay constant? /2

A

probability of decay of a nucleus per unit time

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8
Q

Define gravitational field strength? /1

A

it is force per unit mass

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9
Q

state what is meant by the internal energy of a system? /2

A

internal energy is the RANDOM motion of kinetic energy and potential energy of all molecules

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10
Q

State what is meant by specific acoustic impedance? /2

A

product of speed of sound in medium and density of medium

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11
Q

Define capacitance. /1

A

charge/ potential difference

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12
Q

State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic radiation. /2

A

emf if proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage

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13
Q

State what is meant by the de Broglie wavelength? /2

A

wavelength associated with a particle has momentum

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14
Q

State what is meant by the Avogadro constant, NA? /1

A

number of atom in 12 g of Carbon- 12

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15
Q

State what is meant by the mole? /2

A

amount of substance
containing NA particles

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16
Q

Explain what is meant by the statement that the two bodies are in thermal equilibrium? /1

A

no net energy transfer between the bodies

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17
Q

Explain what is meant by gamma radiation (γ-radiation). /2

A

electromagnetic radiation
emitted from nucleus

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18
Q

Define specific heat capacity. /2

A

heat energy required per unit mass to raise the temperature by one degree of a substance

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19
Q

With reference to the photoelectric effect, state what is meant by the threshold frequency. /2

A

threshold frequency is the minimum frequency for electron to be emitted from the surface

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20
Q

Define gravitational potential of a point. /2

A

the gravitational potential at a point is the work done per unit mass in bringing the mass from infinity to a point in the gravitational field

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21
Q

State what is meant by electric field strength? /2

A

force per unit charge on a positive charge

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22
Q

state what is meant by electric field? /1

A

region where a charge experiences a force

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23
Q

State what is meant by electric potential at a point? /2

A

work done per unit charge
work done is moving positive charge from infinity

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24
Q

State Coulomb’s law? /2

A

force is proportional to the product of charges and inversely proportional to the square of separation

25
Q

Define the tesla? /2

A

newton per ampere per metre
where current is perpendicular to magnetic field

26
Q

define magnetic flux density? /2

A

magnetic flux density is the force per unit current per unit metre
current is perpendicular to magnetic field

27
Q

State what is meant by a magnetic field? /1

A

region where there is a force exerted on a moving charge

28
Q

define specific latent heat of fusion? /2

A

heat energy per unit mass
change of state at constant temperature between solid and liquid

29
Q

State what is meant by internal energy of a system? /2

A

it is the random motion of molecules
internal energy = total potential + total kinetic energy

30
Q

State what is meant by elastic collision? /1

A

no loss of kinetic energy

31
Q

State what is meant by simple harmonic motion? /2

A

acceleration is proportional to displacement but in opposite direction

32
Q

Define the radian? /2

A

angle subtended at the centre
where arc length= radius

33
Q

what is meant by damping? /1

A

loss of energy

34
Q

Explain what is meant by natural frequency of vibration of system? /1

A

frequency at which there is no resistive force acting on it

35
Q

With reference to velocity and acceleration, describe uniform circular motion? /2

A

velocity has constant magnitude
acceleration is perpendicular to velocity

36
Q

State what is meant by centripetal acceleration? /1

A

acceleration is perpendicular to velocity

37
Q

State what is meant by a gravitational force? /1

A

force on a mass in a gravitational field

38
Q

State by reference to the power dissipated in a resistor, what is meant by the root mean square (rms) value of an alternating voltage? /2

A

constant voltage that produces the same power as the alternating voltage

39
Q

State what is meant by photoelectric effect? /2

A

emission of electrons from surface
when electromagnetic radiation is incident on electrons

40
Q

State what is meant by work function? /1

A

minimum energy required for electron to leave surface

41
Q

State what is meant by attenuation of an ultrasound wave? /1

A

loss of intensity of wave

42
Q

State Hubble’s law? /2

A

speed is proportional to distance

where speed is speed of recession of galaxy from observer and distance is distance of galaxy away from observer

43
Q

State Wien’s displacement law? /1

A

wavelength of maximum intensity is proportional to the temperature

44
Q

State what is meant by red shift? /2

A

wavelength is greater than known value

due to movement of star away from observer

45
Q

State what is meant by the luminosity of the star? /1

A

total power of the radiation emitted by the star

46
Q

State what is meant by mass defect of a nucleus? /2

A

difference between mass of nucleus and mass of nucleons

where nucleons are separated to infinity

47
Q

State what is meant by nuclear fusion?

A

two nuclei combine to form a single nucleus

fusion is initiated by very high temperature

48
Q

State what is meant by nuclear fission?

A

a large nucleus divides to form smaller nuclei

49
Q

State what is meant by spontaneous decay? /1

A

not affected by external factors

50
Q

State what is meant by random decay? /1

A

cannot predict when a nucleus will decay

51
Q

State what is meant by decay constant? /1

A

probability per unit time

52
Q

State what is meant by radioactive decay? /2

A

emission of particles by unstable nucleus

spontaneous emission

53
Q

Define magnetic flux linkage? /2

A

magnetic field strength x perpendicular cross sectional area x number of turns

54
Q

State lenz’s law? /2

A

direction of induced emf is such as to oppose the change causing it

55
Q

Define specific latent heat of vaporisation? /2

A

thermal energy per unit mass
energy required to change state between liquid and gas at constant temperature

56
Q

State what is meant by resonance? /2

A

oscillations at maximum amplitude
when driving frequency equals natural frequency

57
Q

Explain what is meant by a tracer. /1

A

a substance containing radioactive nuclei that is introduced into the body

58
Q

Explain what is meant by annihilation. /1

A

a particle interacting with its antiparticle so that mass is converted into energy

59
Q

State what is meant by luminosity of a star. /1

A

star with known luminosity

physics A2 (13 decks)

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